Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,587 questions · 5,761 findings · 495 reviews

No studies found 1,011 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 1,797 · 31.2%Very low 1,100 · 19.1%Low 1,052 · 18.3%Moderate 649 · 11.3%High 152 · 2.6%

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Low socioeconomic status and family financial stress vs Higher socioeconomic status and lower stress

Salivary cortisol, cariogenic bacterial load and dental caries · Kindergarten-age children

In one cross-sectional study of children, low socioeconomic status, higher basal salivary cortisol and higher cariogenic bacterial counts were each independently associated with higher dental caries risk; not pooled (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Low socioeconomic position and adverse behavioural factors vs Higher socioeconomic position and fewer adverse behaviours

Systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein) and periodontal disease progression · General-population adults (German cohort)

In one 5-year longitudinal study, accumulation of low socioeconomic and behavioural factors was associated with greater periodontal disease progression and higher C-reactive protein; not pooled (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Dementia (any type or severity) vs Older people without dementia

Mean number of missing teeth in OC cases vs controls · Older people (aged 60 years or older) with dementia

Missing-teeth values varied across studies and were not meta-analyzed.

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Low birthweight · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Maternal severe anaemia at any time during 2nd or 3rd trimester (Hb less than 70 g/L) · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether (Maternal outcomes) Any supplements containing iron changes maternal severe anaemia at any time during second and third… compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Infection during pregnancy (including urinary tract infections and others) (ALL) · pregnant women

(Maternal outcomes) Any supplements containing iron showed no clear difference in infection during pregnancy (including urinary tract infections) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Low birthweight · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Preterm birth · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Neonatal death (death within the first 28 days of life) · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid showed no clear difference in neonatal death (within 28 days after delivery) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Any congenital anomalies · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid showed no clear difference in congenital anomalies (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Maternal anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L at 37 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) · pregnant women

(Maternal outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid probably leads to lower maternal anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L at 37 weeks'… compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Iron deficiency at term (as defined by trialists, based on any indicator of iron status at 37 wk gestation or more) · pregnant women

(Maternal outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid may leads to lower maternal iron deficiency at term (as defined by trialists, based on… compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Side effects (any reported throughout the intervention period) (ALL) · pregnant women

(Maternal outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid probably leads to higher side effects (any reported throughout the intervention period) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Maternal severe anaemia at any time during 2nd or 3rd trimester (Hb less than 70 g/L) · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether (Maternal outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid changes maternal severe anaemia at any time during second and third… compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Infection during pregnancy (including urinary tract infections and others) (ALL) · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether (Maternal outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid changes infection during pregnancy (including urinary tract infections) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review