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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,080 questions in 109 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections
current versionsNo studies 132 · 12.2%Ungraded 90 · 8.3%Very low 169 · 15.6%Low 306 · 28.3%Moderate 287 · 26.6%High 96 · 8.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Palivizumab vs placebo Hospitalisation for RSV infection · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.37, 0.64] | 3 studies · 2831 participants | High |
Palivizumab vs motavizumab Total RSV hospital days per 100 children · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 7870 participants | Low |
Palivizumab vs motavizumab Admission to ICU · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.68 [0.89, 3.19] | 2 studies · 7870 participants | Moderate |
Palivizumab vs motavizumab Mechanical ventilation for RSV infection · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | RR 3.79 [1.26, 11.42] | 2 studies · 7870 participants | High |
Palivizumab vs motavizumab Supplemental oxygen therapy for RSV infection · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.49 [0.98, 2.26] | 2 studies · 7870 participants | Moderate |
Palivizumab vs motavizumab Number of children reporting any SAE · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.96, 1.13] | 4 studies · 8238 participants | High |
Palivizumab vs placebo All‐cause mortality · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.42, 1.15] | 3 studies · 2831 participants | Moderate |
Palivizumab vs placebo Total RSV hospital days per 100 children · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2789 participants | Moderate |
Palivizumab vs placebo Admission to ICU · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.3, 0.81] | 2 studies · 2789 participants | High |
Palivizumab vs placebo Mechanical ventilation for RSV infection · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.2, 6.09] | 2 studies · 2789 participants | Very low |
Palivizumab vs placebo Supplemental oxygen therapy for RSV infection · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Palivizumab vs placebo Number of children reporting any SAE · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.8, 0.96] | 1 study · 1287 participants | High |
Palivizumab vs motavizumab Hospitalisation for RSV infection · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.97, 1.9] | 2 studies · 7870 participants | Moderate |
Palivizumab vs motavizumab All‐cause mortality · patients at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.38, 1.43] | 4 studies · 8265 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mortality · adults and children with clinical signs and symptoms of acute lower respiratory tract infection Chest radiographs for acute lower respiratory tract infections (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Time to resolution of clinical signs and symptoms [days] · adults and children with clinical signs and symptoms of acute lower respiratory tract infection Chest radiographs for acute lower respiratory tract infections (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1502 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Hospitalisation rates · adults and children with clinical signs and symptoms of acute lower respiratory tract infection Chest radiographs for acute lower respiratory tract infections (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Complications of infection · adults and children with clinical signs and symptoms of acute lower respiratory tract infection Chest radiographs for acute lower respiratory tract infections (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects from chest radiographs · adults and children with clinical signs and symptoms of acute lower respiratory tract infection Chest radiographs for acute lower respiratory tract infections (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Recovery clinicians · patients with sore throat Chinese medicinal herbs for sore throat (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1954 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Inefficacy clinicians · patients with sore throat Chinese medicinal herbs for sore throat (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1954 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Changes in TCM signs clinicians · patients with sore throat Chinese medicinal herbs for sore throat (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 301 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events clinicians · patients with sore throat Chinese medicinal herbs for sore throat (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 672 participants | Very low |
Epinephrine vs placebo Admissions at enrollment or < 24 hours (outpatients only) · patients with acute viral bronchiolitis Epinephrine for bronchiolitis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.5, 0.89] | 5 studies · 995 participants | Moderate |
Epinephrine vs steroid Admissions overall up to 7 days (outpatients only) · patients with acute viral bronchiolitis Epinephrine for bronchiolitis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.77, 1.52] | 1 study · 399 participants | Moderate |
Epinephrine vs placebo Admissions overall up to 7 days (outpatients only) · patients with acute viral bronchiolitis Epinephrine for bronchiolitis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.63, 1.03] | 3 studies · 875 participants | Low |
Epinephrine vs placebo Length of stay (inpatients only) · patients with acute viral bronchiolitis Epinephrine for bronchiolitis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 292 participants | Moderate |
Epinephrine vs salbutamol/albuterol Admissions at enrollment or < 24 hours (outpatients only) · patients with acute viral bronchiolitis Epinephrine for bronchiolitis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.41, 1.09] | 7 studies · 444 participants | Moderate |
Epinephrine vs salbutamol/albuterol Admissions overall up to 7 days (outpatients only) · patients with acute viral bronchiolitis Epinephrine for bronchiolitis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.71, 1.54] | 2 studies · 212 participants | Moderate |
Epinephrine vs salbutamol/albuterol Length of stay (inpatients only) · patients with acute viral bronchiolitis Epinephrine for bronchiolitis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 261 participants | Moderate |
Epinephrine and steroid vs placebo Admissions at enrollment or < 24 hours (outpatients only) · patients with acute viral bronchiolitis Epinephrine for bronchiolitis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.4, 1.04] | 1 study · 401 participants | Low |
Epinephrine and steroid vs placebo Admissions overall up to 7 days (outpatients only) · patients with acute viral bronchiolitis Epinephrine for bronchiolitis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.44, 0.95] | 1 study · 400 participants | Low |
Epinephrine vs steroid Admissions (outpatients only) · patients with acute viral bronchiolitis Epinephrine for bronchiolitis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.66, 1.88] | 2 studies · 444 participants | Moderate |
Steam inhalation (mist) vs nebulised salbutamol change in respiratory distress score at 30 minutes Scale from: 0 to 13. · patients with acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age Steam inhalation or humidified oxygen for acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Moderate |
Steam inhalation (mist) vs nebulised salbutamol change in respiratory distress score at 60 minutes Scale from: 0 to 13. · patients with acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age Steam inhalation or humidified oxygen for acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Moderate |
Steam (mist) vs nebulised saline change in respiratory distress score at 30 minutes Scale from: 0 to 13. · patients with acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age Steam inhalation or humidified oxygen for acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Moderate |
Steam (mist) vs nebulised saline change in respiratory distress score at 60 minutes Scale from: 0 to 13. · patients with acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age Steam inhalation or humidified oxygen for acute bronchiolitis in children up to three years of age (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Treatment failure at 1 month or less · patients with acute otitis media Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.34 [1.15, 1.55] | 16 studies · 5093 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Treatment failure at 8 to 19 days · patients with acute otitis media Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.27 [1.04, 1.55] | 18 studies · 4347 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Treatment failure at 20 to 30 days · patients with acute otitis media Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.98 [0.82, 1.17] | 11 studies · 2708 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Treatment failure at 8 to 19 days · patients with acute otitis media Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.37 [1.15, 1.64] | 11 studies · 3932 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Treatment failure at 20 to 30 days · patients with acute otitis media Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.16 [0.94, 1.42] | 9 studies · 2476 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Treatment failure at 3 months or less · patients with acute otitis media Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.18 [0.98, 1.41] | 7 studies · 2068 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Treatment failure at 90 days · patients with acute otitis media Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.16 [0.65, 2.06] | 2 studies · 207 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Treatment failure at 30 to 45 days · patients with acute otitis media Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.18 [0.97, 1.43] | 5 studies · 1861 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Treatment failure at 1 month or less · patients with acute otitis media Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.07 [0.86, 1.33] | 8 studies · 1709 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Treatment failure at 3 months or less · patients with acute otitis media Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.66, 1.21] | 3 studies · 701 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Treatment failure at 1 month or less · patients with acute otitis media Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.02 [0.87, 1.2] | 19 studies · 4354 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR VT‐IPD, ITT (random) ( · Children under two years of age Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.1, 0.42] | 7 studies · 113044 participants | High |
Intervention NR All serotypes‐IPD, ITT (random) ( · Children under two years of age Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.25, 0.71] | 7 studies · 113044 participants | High |