Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,971 questions · 9,849 findings · 853 reviews

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No studies found 1,150 · 11.7%GRADE not reported 3,387 · 34.4%Very low 1,963 · 19.9%Low 1,809 · 18.4%Moderate 1,207 · 12.3%High 333 · 3.4%

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Oral methotrexate vs oral chloroquine

Secondary outcome: CLASI · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral methotrexate vs oral chloroquine

Adverse events: severe · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral methotrexate showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with oral chloroquine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.73 [0.27, 11.07]
1 study · 41 participants
Low

Oral methotrexate vs oral chloroquine

Minor adverse events · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral methotrexate may leads to higher adverse events: minor compared with oral chloroquine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.9 [1.45, 10.51]
1 study · 41 participants
Low

Oral methotrexate vs placebo

Secondary outcome: Dermatology Quality of Life measure · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral methotrexate vs placebo

Adverse events: severe · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral methotrexate showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 12.05 [0.69, 211.36]
1 study · 86 participants
Moderate

Oral methotrexate vs placebo

Minor adverse events · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral methotrexate showed no clear difference in adverse events: minor compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.39, 1.17]
1 study · 86 participants
Moderate

Dexamethasone: oral vs intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child as adult) · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether dexamethasone: oral changes any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child… compared with intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.48 [0.45, 4.9]
1 study · 183 participants
Very low

Dexamethasone: oral vs intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Respiratory distress syndrome · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether dexamethasone: oral changes respiratory distress syndrome compared with intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.75, 1.77]
1 study · 183 participants
Very low

Dexamethasone: oral vs intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Intraventricular haemorrhage · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether dexamethasone: oral changes intraventricular haemorrhage compared with intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.24 [0.96, 18.83]
1 study · 183 participants
Very low

Dexamethasone: oral vs intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Necrotising enterocolitis · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether dexamethasone: oral changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.09 [0.63, 41.45]
1 study · 183 participants
Very low

Dexamethasone: oral vs intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Chronic lung disease · women at risk of preterm birth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Metronidazole + SRP vs SRP

Probing pocket depth · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive)

It is very uncertain whether metronidazole + SRP changes probing pocket depth compared with SRP (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long-term (≥ 1 year)
MD -1.11 [-2.84, 0.61]
2 studies · 47 participants
Very low

Metronidazole + SRP vs SRP

Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive)

It is very uncertain whether metronidazole + SRP changes percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with SRP (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long-term (≥ 1 year)
MD -6.90 [-22.10, 8.30]
1 study · 22 participants
Very low
Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short-term (≤ 3 months)
MD -9.00 [-16.59, -1.40]
4 studies · 108 participants
GRADE not reported

Metronidazole + SRP vs SRP

Percentage of closed pockets · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive)

It is very uncertain whether metronidazole + SRP changes percentage of closed pockets compared with SRP (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long-term (≥ 1 year)
MD -12.20 [-29.23, 4.83]
1 study · 22 participants
Very low
Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Intermediate-term (> 3 months to < 1 year)
MD -7.00 [-23.57, 9.57]
1 study · 22 participants
GRADE not reported

Metronidazole + SRP vs SRP

Adverse events · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive)

It is very uncertain whether metronidazole + SRP changes adverse events compared with SRP (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long-term (≥ 1 year)
No severe adverse effects were reported by any of the participants in 1 study. 2 studies have not reported adverse events.
3 studies · 71 participants
Very low

Preformed metal crown (PMC) vs Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement + composite resin (modified open-sandwich restoration)

Restoration failure · Children with carious primary teeth after vital or non-vital pulp therapy

In one RCT, preformed metal crowns had an annual failure rate of 2.5% after 2 years.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious lesions in pulp treated primary teeth:… 2022 All outcomes
2 years · General dental practice, Saudi Arabia
Annual failure rate (AFR, %) 2.5
1 study · 87 participants
GRADE not reported

Dexamethasone ointment vs Amlexanox paste

Pain resolution · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether dexamethasone ointment changes pain resolution compared with amlexanox paste (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.75 [0.34, 1.66]
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child as adult) · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child… compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.46, 1.87]
1 study · 255 participants
Very low

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Respiratory distress syndrome · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes respiratory distress syndrome compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.67, 1.36]
1 study · 253 participants
Very low

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Intraventricular haemorrhage · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes intraventricular haemorrhage compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [0.73, 2.7]
1 study · 253 participants
Very low