Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,248 questions in 108 reviews · Stroke
current versionsNo studies 275 · 22%Ungraded 56 · 4.5%Very low 269 · 21.6%Low 349 · 28%Moderate 216 · 17.3%High 83 · 6.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR All strokes · people with atrial fibrillation deemed eligible for long‐term anticoagulant treatment Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.81, 0.97] | 13 studies · 67449 participants | High |
Intervention NR Major bleedings · people with atrial fibrillation deemed eligible for long‐term anticoagulant treatment Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.73, 0.84] | 13 studies · 67396 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Intracranial haemorrhages · people with atrial fibrillation deemed eligible for long‐term anticoagulant treatment Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.5 [0.42, 0.59] | 12 studies · 66259 participants | High |
Intervention NR All‐cause deaths · people with atrial fibrillation deemed eligible for long‐term anticoagulant treatment Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.83, 0.95] | 10 studies · 65624 participants | Moderate |
Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care Mean systolic blood pressure · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1398 participants | Moderate |
Organisational interventions vs usual care Blood pressure target achievement · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.44 [1.09, 1.9] | 13 studies · 23631 participants | Moderate |
Organisational interventions vs usual care Medication adherence · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 5384 participants | Low |
Organisational interventions vs usual care Mean low density lipoprotein · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1008 participants | Moderate |
Organisational interventions vs usual care Mean HbA1C · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 554 participants | Low |
Organisational interventions vs usual care Mean BMI · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1089 participants | Low |
Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care Mean diastolic blood pressure · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1398 participants | Moderate |
Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care Blood pressure target achievement · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.34 [0.7, 2.59] | 3 studies · 266 participants | Moderate |
Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care Medication adherence · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 33762 participants | Low |
Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care Mean low density lipoprotein · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 495 participants | Moderate |
Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care Mean HbA1c · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care Mean BMI · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 127 participants | Moderate |
Organisational interventions vs usual care Mean systolic blood pressure · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 17490 participants | Moderate |
Organisational interventions vs usual care Mean diastolic blood pressure · The trials included a total of 33,840 participants with cerebrovascular disease. The mean or median age of… Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 17178 participants | Moderate |
Percutaneous vascular interventions vs intravenous thrombolytic treatment Good functional outcome (mRS score 0‐2) Percutaneous vascular interventions versus intravenous thrombolytic treatment for acute ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.82, 1.25] | 3 studies · 443 participants | Low |
Percutaneous vascular interventions vs intravenous thrombolytic treatment Death Percutaneous vascular interventions versus intravenous thrombolytic treatment for acute ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [0.84, 2.14] | 3 studies · 443 participants | Low |
Percutaneous vascular interventions vs intravenous thrombolytic treatment Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage within first 14 days Percutaneous vascular interventions versus intravenous thrombolytic treatment for acute ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.5, 1.95] | 4 studies · 450 participants | Low |
Percutaneous vascular interventions vs intravenous thrombolytic treatment Vascular status (recanalisation rate) Percutaneous vascular interventions versus intravenous thrombolytic treatment for acute ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chlormethiazole vs placebo Death or dependency · people with acute stroke Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists for acute stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.96, 1.11] | 4 studies · 2909 participants | Moderate |
Chlormethiazole vs placebo Adverse events · people with acute stroke Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists for acute stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.56 [3.5, 5.95] | 2 studies · 2527 participants | Moderate |
Chlormethiazole vs placebo Functional independence · people with acute stroke Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists for acute stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.05] | 4 studies · 2909 participants | Moderate |
Chlormethiazole vs placebo Other stroke scales · people with acute stroke Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists for acute stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1367 participants | Moderate |
Diazepam vs placebo Death or dependency · people with acute stroke Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists for acute stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.82, 1.07] | 1 study · 849 participants | Moderate |
Diazepam vs placebo Adverse events · people with acute stroke Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists for acute stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.75, 1.31] | 1 study · 865 participants | Moderate |
Diazepam vs placebo Functional independence · people with acute stroke Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists for acute stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.93, 1.22] | 1 study · 849 participants | Moderate |
Diazepam vs placebo Other stroke scales · people with acute stroke Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists for acute stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RIC vs non‐RIC Ischaemic stroke or recurrent ischaemic stroke · people at risk for ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.12, 0.76] | 3 studies · 371 participants | Low |
RIC vs non‐RIC treating ischaemic stroke Improvement in neurological impairment ‐ not measured · people with ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RIC vs non‐RIC treating ischaemic stroke Improvement in psychological and cognitive impairment at completion of · people with ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 105 participants | Low |
RIC vs non‐RIC treating ischaemic stroke Cardiovascular events ‐ not reported · people with ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RIC vs non‐RIC treating ischaemic stroke Adverse events associated with RIC treatment ‐ not reported · people with ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RIC vs non‐RIC treating ischaemic stroke Stroke severity · people with ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 175 participants | Very low |
RIC vs non‐RIC Death or dependency · people at risk for ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 292 participants | Ungraded |
RIC vs non‐RIC Improvement in neurological impairment ‐ not reported · people at risk for ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RIC vs non‐RIC Improvement in psychological and cognitive impairment ‐ not measured · people at risk for ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RIC vs non‐RIC Cardiovascular events ‐ not reported · people at risk for ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RIC vs non‐RIC Adverse events associated with RIC treatment · people at risk for ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 10.91 [2.01, 59.28] | 3 studies · 371 participants | Low |
RIC vs non‐RIC Stroke severity · people at risk for ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 189 participants | Low |
RIC vs non‐RIC treating ischaemic stroke Ischaemic stroke or recurrent ischaemic stroke at completion of · people with ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RIC vs non‐RIC treating ischaemic stroke Death or dependency · people with ischaemic stroke Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.34 [1.19, 4.61] | 1 study · 285 participants | Low |
Activity monitor plus other intervention vs other intervention alone Number of steps per day (x 1000) at end of intervention (> 6 months post‐stroke) · increasing physical activity in adult community dwelling stroke survivors Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Activity monitor plus other intervention vs other intervention alone Total time walking (minutes) at end of intervention (< 6 months post‐stroke) · increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors during inpatient rehabilitation Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Low |
Activity monitor plus other intervention vs other intervention alone Time spent in MVPA (minutes) at the end of the intervention (> 6 months post‐stroke) ‐ not reported · increasing physical activity in adult community dwelling stroke survivors Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Activity monitor plus other intervention vs other intervention alone Sedentary time (minutes) at the end of the intervention (> 6 months post‐stroke) ‐ not reported · increasing physical activity in adult community dwelling stroke survivors Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Activity monitor plus other intervention vs other intervention alone Time spent in light intensity activity (minutes) at the end of the intervention (> 6 months post‐stroke) ‐ not reported · increasing physical activity in adult community dwelling stroke survivors Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Activity monitor plus other intervention vs other intervention alone Total time walking (minutes) at end of intervention (> 6 months post‐stroke) · increasing physical activity in adult community dwelling stroke survivors Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |