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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
970 questions in 77 reviews · Epilepsy
current versionsNo studies 190 · 19.6%Ungraded 42 · 4.3%Very low 135 · 13.9%Low 289 · 29.8%Moderate 242 · 24.9%High 72 · 7.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Time to first seizure ‐ all participants Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.86 [0.69, 1.08] | 4 studies · 592 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Time to first seizure ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ Generalised seizures Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 1.14 [0.73, 1.78] | 3 studies · 131 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Time to first seizure ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ Partial onset Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.78 [0.61, 1.01] | 4 studies · 461 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Time to treatment withdrawal ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Generalised seizures Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 4.04 [1.61, 10.14] | 2 studies · 95 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Time to treatment withdrawal ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Partial onset Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 1.48 [1.1, 1.98] | 3 studies · 404 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Time to 12‐month remission ‐ all participants Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.9 [0.69, 1.19] | 4 studies · 599 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Generalised seizures Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.77 [0.46, 1.28] | 3 studies · 131 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Partial Onset Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.96 [0.7, 1.33] | 4 studies · 468 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Time to 6‐month remission ‐ all participants Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.9 [0.71, 1.14] | 4 studies · 599 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Time to 6‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Generalised seizures Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.79 [0.51, 1.24] | 3 studies · 131 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Time to 6‐month remission ‐ stratified by seizure type ‐ Partial onset Range of · adults and children with newly diagnosed partial onset or generalised onset seizures Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.94 [0.71, 1.25] | 4 studies · 468 participants | Moderate |
Flunarizine vs placebo 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency Number of seizures · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.53 [0.59, 3.96] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Flunarizine vs placebo Treatment withdrawal Number of withdrawals · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 7.11 [1.73, 29.3] | 4 studies · 247 participants | Moderate |
Flunarizine vs placebo Adverse effects ‐ Blurred vision No of patients with blurred vision · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 4.09 [0.85, 19.73] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Flunarizine vs placebo Adverse effects ‐ Dizziness No of patients with dizziness · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.82 [0.72, 4.61] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Flunarizine vs placebo Adverse effects ‐ Fatigue No of patients with fatigue · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.66 [0.59, 4.64] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Flunarizine vs placebo Adverse effects ‐ Irritability No of patients with irritability · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 3.07 [0.6, 15.68] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Flunarizine vs placebo Adverse effects ‐ Vomiting No of patients with vomiting · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 4.09 [0.57, 29.16] | 1 study · 93 participants | High |
Nimodipine vs placebo 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency Number of seizures · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 7.78 [0.46, 130.88] | 1 study · 17 participants | Moderate |
Nimodipine vs placebo Treatment withdrawal Number of withdrawals · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.25 [0.25, 20.38] | 1 study · 17 participants | Moderate |