Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,655 questions · 1,751 findings · 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

No studies found 361 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Ibuprofen 300 mg vs paracetamol

At least 50% reduction in pain · health problem or population

It is very uncertain whether summary of Findings Table ‐ Ibuprofen 300 mg changes number of participants with at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours compared with active comparator (acetaminophen) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic pain
3 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Adverse event: lead failure/ displacement · adults with chronic pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Adverse events: need for reoperation/ reimplantation · adults with chronic pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation + other intervention vs other intervention alone

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic pain
3 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation + other intervention vs other intervention alone

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults with chronic pain

It is very uncertain whether active stimulation + other intervention changes pain intensity. Proportion with ≥ 50% pain relief. compared with other intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active stimulation + other intervention vs other intervention alone

Adverse event: lead failure/ displacement · adults with chronic pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation + other intervention vs other intervention alone

Adverse events: need for reoperation/ reimplantation · adults with chronic pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation + other intervention vs other intervention alone

Pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 50% improvement) · adults with chronic pain

Active stimulation + other intervention may leads to higher pain intensity. Proportion with ≥50% pain relief. compared with other intervention alone (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Adverse events: infection · adults with chronic pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review