Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,126 questions · 1,225 findings · 111 reviews

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No studies found 235 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 260 · 21.2%Very low 207 · 16.9%Low 271 · 22.1%Moderate 177 · 14.4%High 75 · 6.1%

Vitamin D vs placebo/no treatment

Quality of life at end of study (26 weeks) · people with inflammatory bowel disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 243 participants
Very low

Vitamin D vs placebo/no treatment

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D (all doses) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.97 [0.18, 21.27]
12 studies · 1251 participants
Very low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo

Total hip BMD · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 408 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo

Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 76 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo

Quality of life · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo

Vertebral fracture · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo

Non‐vertebral fractures · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo

Acceptability: total withdrawals · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)

Calcium and vitamin D showed no clear difference in withdrawals from the study for any reason compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.29, 2.35]
2 studies · 541 participants
Low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo

Serious adverse events · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Incidence of dementia ‐ not measured · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Cognitive function · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 256 participants
Very low

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Episodic memory ‐ not measured · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Executive function ‐ not measured · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Speed of processing ‐ not measured · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Quality of life ‐ not measured · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Mortality ‐ not reported · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture plus NSAID plus vitamins vs NSAID plus vitamins

Overall clinical improvement at short‐term · carpal tunnel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture and related interventions for the treatment of symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 80 participants
Very low

Acupuncture plus NSAID plus vitamins vs NSAID plus vitamins

Overall clinical improvement at long‐term · carpal tunnel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture and related interventions for the treatment of symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture plus NSAID plus vitamins vs NSAID plus vitamins

Adverse events · carpal tunnel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture and related interventions for the treatment of symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium

Healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase and bone radiograph

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase… compared with calcium (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.72, 1.9]
2 studies · 140 participants
Very low