What do systematic reviews say?

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) vs single IUI

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) showed no clear difference in ectopic pregnancy ratea compared with single IUI (low certainty).

• Double versus single intrauterine insemination (IUI) in stimulated cycles for subfertile couples 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.22 [0.35, 4.28]
  4 studies · 1048 participants
  Low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes overall survival compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.92 [0.48, 1.77]
  1 study · 64 participants
  Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 14 participants
  Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.31 [0.07, 1.44]
  1 study · 64 participants
  Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (moderate) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.11, 3.5]
  1 study · 64 participants
  Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (severe) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0, 2.5]
  1 study · 64 participants
  Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (low certainty).

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.53 [0.2, 1.42]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (moderate) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (very low certainty).

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.37 [0.05, 2.98]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (low certainty).

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.22, 1.38]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Low

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Cerclage showed no clear difference in all perinatal losses compared with no cerclage (moderate certainty).

• Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.65, 1.04]
  10 studies · 2927 participants
  Moderate

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Cerclage showed no clear difference in serious neonatal morbidity compared with no cerclage (low certainty).

• Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.55, 1.18]
  6 studies · 883 participants
  Low

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Cerclage showed no clear difference in baby discharged home healthy compared with no cerclage (moderate certainty).

• Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.97, 1.06]
  4 studies · 657 participants
  Moderate

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Cerclage showed no clear difference in stillbirths compared with no cerclage (low certainty).

• Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.45, 1.75]
  5 studies · 1803 participants
  Low

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Cerclage showed no clear difference in neonatal deaths before discharge compared with no cerclage (low certainty).

• Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.53, 1.39]
  6 studies · 1714 participants
  Low

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Cerclage leads to lower preterm birth before 34 completed weeks compared with no cerclage (high certainty).

• Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.66, 0.89]
  9 studies · 2415 participants
  High

Double vs single‐injection technique

Double leads to lower primary anaesthesia failure (incomplete sensory block) compared with single‐injection technique (high certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.34, 0.89]
  9 studies · 527 participants
  High

Multiple vs single‐injection technique

Multiple showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ tourniquet pain compared with single‐injection technique (high certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.3, 3.11]
  4 studies · 379 participants
  High

Multiple vs single‐injection technique

Multiple showed no clear difference in complete failure of block1 compared with single‐injection technique (moderate certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.31 [0.03, 2.71]
  7 studies · 484 participants
  Moderate