Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

516 questions · 950 findings · 74 reviews · Dental caries

No studies found 35 · 3.7%GRADE not reported 831 · 87.5%Very low 38 · 4%Low 26 · 2.7%Moderate 13 · 1.4%High 7 · 0.7%

Higher JIA disease activity/severity (e.g., high JADAS/activity scores, polyarticular RF-negative subtype, active disease, anti-TNFalpha or cyclosporine medication) vs Lower JIA disease activity / inactive or milder JIA

Prevalence and severity of oral and TMJ diseases/conditions (periodontal status and dental caries) · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

Some studies suggested greater JIA disease activity/severity (and certain medications) was associated with worse periodontal and caries outcomes, but small samples meant no solid conclusion could be drawn (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride toothpaste vs Placebo (non-fluoride) toothpaste or fluoride toothpaste of a different concentration

Adverse effects of toothpaste · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
1 finding from 1 review

Job-related or family-related stress and pessimistic attitude to life vs Lower stress and no pessimistic attitude

Periodontal disease and serum IL-1β IL-6 and cortisol · Patients with aggressive or chronic periodontitis at a university periodontology department

No correlation was reported between immunological markers cortisol and registered stress values; untreated aggressive periodontitis was accompanied by pessimistic attitude and elevated serum IL-6.

1 finding from 1 review

Perceived psychosocial stress vs No or lower perceived stress

GCF elastase activity and non-surgical periodontal treatment outcome (salivary cortisol, ICTP measured; no effect reported) · Adults with periodontitis needing non-surgical periodontal treatment

In one 6-month longitudinal study, patients under psychosocial stress had higher gingival crevicular fluid elastase and poorer outcomes after non-surgical periodontal therapy; not pooled (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Depression and social isolation (psychosocial strain) vs No depression or lower psychosocial strain

Antibody titres to periodontal pathogens · Adults with periodontitis

In one case-control study, depression as a marker of social isolation was associated with elevated antibody titres to periodontal pathogens at baseline and 1-year follow-up; not pooled (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine gel (0.12%) vs no treatment

Mutans streptococci prevalence (presence/absence) · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with mixed, permanent or…

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine gel (0.12%) changes mutans streptococci prevalence (presence/absence) compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Initiation of water fluoridation (artificial or natural) vs Low/non-fluoridated water (0.4 ppm fluoride or less)

Dental caries in adults · adults

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Adults
    No studies that aimed to determine the effectiveness of water fluoridation for preventing caries in adults met the review's inclusion criteria. There are no data to determine the effect of water fluoridation on caries…
    0 studies
    No studies found