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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin

Death from all causes during treatment (range 6 days to 16 days) · acute ischaemic stroke

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids showed no clear difference in death from all causes during treatment (range 6 days to 16 days) compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin

Death from all causes during · acute ischaemic stroke

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids showed no clear difference in death from all causes during compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin

Deep vein thrombosis · acute ischaemic stroke

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids may leads to lower deep vein thrombosis during treatment period (range 6 days to 16 days) compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin

Pulmonary embolism · acute ischaemic stroke

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids showed no clear difference in pulmonary embolism during treatment period (range 6 days to 16 days) compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin

Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage/haemorrhagic transformation of the cerebral infarct during treatment period (range 6 days to 16 days)⁹ · acute ischaemic stroke

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids showed no clear difference in symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage/haemorrhagic transformation of… compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening

Mortality: lung cancer · healthy adults

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening probably leads to lower lung cancer‐related mortality ‐ planned time points compared with no LDCT screening (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening

All‐cause mortality ‐ planned time points · healthy adults

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality ‐ planned time points compared with no LDCT screening (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening

Overdiagnosis Time point: ≥ 10 years from randomisation excluding CXR trials  · healthy adults

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening showed no clear difference in overdiagnosis Time point: ≥ 10 years from randomisation excluding… compared with no LDCT screening (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening

Any death postsurgery Time point: 6 years to 9 years from randomisation · healthy adults

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening showed no clear difference in any death postsurgery Time point: 6 years to 9 years from… compared with no LDCT screening (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening

Health‐related quality of life ‐ anxiety Time point: 10 months to 5 years from randomisation Measured by different scales · healthy adults

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening showed no clear difference in health‐related quality of life ‐ anxiety Time point: 10 months to 5… compared with no LDCT screening (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review