What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 167 participants
  Very low

Lactoferrin supplementation vs control

It is very uncertain whether lactoferrin supplementation changes all‐cause Mortality№ of participants: 5510(11 RCTs) compared with control (very low certainty).

• Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.79, 1.2]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Lactoferrin supplementation vs control

Lactoferrin supplementation showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis№ of participants: 4874(7 RCTs) compared with control (low certainty).

• Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.69, 1.17]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Lactoferrin supplementation vs control

Lactoferrin supplementation may leads to lower late onset sepsis№ of participants: 5425(12 RCTs) [Data includes… compared with control (low certainty).

• Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.72, 0.89]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Lactoferrin supplementation vs control

Lactoferrin supplementation showed no clear difference in bacterial sepsis№ of participants: 3565(8 RCTs) compared with control (low certainty).

• Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.74, 1]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Lactoferrin supplementation vs control

Lactoferrin supplementation may leads to lower fungal infection№ of participants: 3266(6 RCTs) compared with control (low certainty).

• Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.23 [0.1, 0.54]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Lactoferrin supplementation vs control

Lactoferrin supplementation showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease№ of participants: 2984(5 RCTs) compared with control (low certainty).

• Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.89, 1.12]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Lactoferrin supplementation vs control

• Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 1156 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 190 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1075 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 271 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 396 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 235 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 235 participants
  Low

Patient‐centred outcomes for oral vs IV iron

Patient‐centred outcomes for oral showed no clear difference in death (all causes) compared with IV iron (low certainty).

• Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.64, 1.94]
  11 studies · 1952 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  33 studies · 3389 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  27 studies · 3089 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 152 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 522 participants
  Low