Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,352 questions · 1,400 findings · 169 reviews

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No studies found 309 · 22.1%GRADE not reported 115 · 8.2%Very low 350 · 25%Low 324 · 23.1%Moderate 240 · 17.1%High 62 · 4.4%

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Length of maternal hospital stay (days) · Women undergoing operative vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Infected episiotomy/laceration (superficial perineal wound infection) № of participants: 3420 (1 RCT) · Women undergoing operative vaginal delivery

Any antibiotics leads to lower infected episiotomy/laceration (superficial perineal wound… compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.53 [0.4, 0.69]
Studies not reported
High

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Infected episiotomy/laceration (deep perineal wound infection № of participants: 3420 (1 RCT) · Women undergoing operative vaginal delivery

Any antibiotics leads to lower infected episiotomy/laceration (deep perineal wound infection № of… compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.46 [0.31, 0.69]
Studies not reported
High

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Infected episiotomy/laceration (organ or space infection) № of participants: 3420 (1 RCT) · Women undergoing operative vaginal delivery

Any antibiotics showed no clear difference in infected episiotomy/laceration (organ or space infection) № of… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.11 [0.01, 2.05]
Studies not reported
Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Infected episiotomy/laceration (wound breakdown) № of participants: 2593 (1 RCT) · Women undergoing operative vaginal delivery

Any antibiotics probably leads to lower infected episiotomy/laceration (wound breakdown) № of participants:… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.43, 0.63]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Endometritis · Women undergoing operative vaginal delivery

Any antibiotics showed no clear difference in endometritis № of participants: 3813 (2 RCTs) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.04, 2.64]
Studies not reported
Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Urinary tract infection ‐ not measured · Women undergoing operative vaginal delivery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Serious infectious complications · Women undergoing operative vaginal delivery

Any antibiotics leads to lower serious infectious complications № of participants: 3420 (1 RCT) compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.44 [0.22, 0.89]
Studies not reported
High

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Maternal adverse reactions · Women undergoing operative vaginal delivery

Any antibiotics showed no clear difference in maternal adverse reactions № of participants: 2593 (1 RCT) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2 [0.18, 22.05]
Studies not reported
Low

Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo

Quality of life: CFQ‐R respiratory domain: absolute change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Very low

Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo

FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Low

Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo

Growth · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo

Exacerbation frequency · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo

Adverse effects of treatment · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen

Oral plus nebulised antibiotics showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment compared with oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3 [0.11, 79.91]
1 study · 29 participants
Low

Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo

Eradication of MRSA · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen

Oral plus nebulised antibiotics showed no clear difference in eradication of MRSA compared with oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.63 [0.19, 13.93]
1 study · 25 participants
Low

Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo

Time until next positive MRSA isolate (from clinically relevant respiratory culture) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Wound infection · breast cancer surgery

Preoperative antibiotics probably leads to lower wound infections Proportion of wound infections compared with placebo or no antibiotic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.53, 0.85]
10 studies · 2823 participants
Moderate

Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Adverse reactions to treatment Proportion of participants with adverse reactions to treatment · breast cancer surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 2818 participants
Very low

Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Time to onset of infection · breast cancer surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1450 participants
Low

Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Hospital readmission · breast cancer surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 784 participants
Low