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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
612 questions in 46 reviews · Work
current versionsNo studies 78 · 12.7%Ungraded 4 · 0.7%Very low 295 · 48.2%Low 182 · 29.7%Moderate 49 · 8%High 4 · 0.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
An intervention in which one's attention is on the experience of stress (feelings, thoughts, behavior) vs no intervention/wait list/placebo/no stress‐reduction intervention Stress symptoms ( · healthcare workers Individual‐level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
An intervention in which one's attention is away from the experience of stress vs no intervention/wait list/placebo/no stress‐reduction intervention Stress symptoms ( · healthcare workers Individual‐level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 35 studies · 2366 participants | Low |
An intervention in which one's attention is away from the experience of stress vs no intervention/wait list/placebo/no stress‐reduction intervention Stress symptoms ( · healthcare workers Individual‐level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 427 participants | Low |
An intervention in which one's attention is away from the experience of stress vs no intervention/wait list/placebo/no stress‐reduction intervention Stress symptoms ( · healthcare workers Individual‐level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
An intervention in which the focus is on work‐related risk factors on an individual level vs no intervention/no stress‐reduction interventionfor stress reduction Stress symptoms ( · healthcare workers Individual‐level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 87 participants | Very low |
An intervention in which the focus is on work‐related risk factors on an individual level vs no intervention/no stress‐reduction interventionfor stress reduction Stress symptoms ( · healthcare workers Individual‐level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 152 participants | Very low |
An intervention in which the focus is on work‐related risk factors on an individual level vs no intervention/no stress‐reduction interventionfor stress reduction Stress symptoms ( · healthcare workers Individual‐level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 161 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Forward rotation vs backward rotation Sleep quality off‐shift · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 62 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Shift duration of no more than 16 hours vs shift duration of 24 to 28 hours Sleep length off‐shift · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 760 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Shift duration of no more than 16 hours vs shift duration of 24 to 28 hours Sleepiness during shifts · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 716 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Shift duration of no more than 16 hours vs shift duration of 24 to 28 hours Number of hours worked · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 318 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Shift duration of no more than 16 hours vs shift duration of 24 to 28 hours Other secondary outcomes (number of staff; overtime; staff costs) · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Shorter shifts (8 or 10 hours) vs shifts lasting 2 to 3 hours longer Sleep quality off‐shift · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 111 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Shorter shifts (8 or 10 hours) vs shifts lasting 2 to 3 hours longer Sleep length off‐shift · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 121 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Shorter shifts (8 or 10 hours) vs shifts lasting 2 to 3 hours longer Sleepiness during shifts · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 121 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Shorter shifts (8 or 10 hours) vs shifts lasting 2 to 3 hours longer Overtime · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 59 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Shorter shifts (8 or 10 hours) vs shifts lasting 2 to 3 hours longer Other secondary outcomes (number of staff; number of hours worked; staff costs) · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ More compressed schedules vs less compressed schedules Sleep quality off‐shift · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 25 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Forward rotation vs backward rotation Sleep length off‐shift · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 62 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More compressed schedules vs less compressed schedules Sleep length off‐shift · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 30 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More compressed schedules vs less compressed schedules Sleepiness during shifts · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ More compressed schedules vs less compressed schedules Secondary outcomes (number of staff; number of hours worked; overtime; staff costs) · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Forward rotation vs backward rotation Sleepiness during shifts · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 62 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Forward rotation vs backward rotation Secondary outcomes (number of staff; number of hours worked; overtime; staff costs) · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Faster rotation vs slower rotation Sleep quality off‐shift · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 282 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Faster rotation vs slower rotation Sleep length off‐shift · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 282 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Faster rotation vs slower rotation Sleepiness during shifts · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 62 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Faster rotation vs slower rotation Secondary outcomes (number of staff; number of hours worked; overtime; staff costs) · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Shift duration of no more than 16 hours vs shift duration of 24 to 28 hours Sleep quality off‐shift · shift workers Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Educational intervention vs no intervention Sharps injuries, · Healthcare workers Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.48, 0.95] | 395 participants | Very low |
Educational intervention vs no intervention Needle stick injuries, questionnaires, 6 mo (RCT) · Healthcare workers Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.21, 1.35] | 167 participants | Low |
Educational intervention vs no intervention Needle stick injuries, hospital registers, 6 mo (RCT) · Healthcare workers Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.38, 2.2] | 529 participants | Low |
Educational intervention vs no intervention Needle stick injuries, questionnaires, 12 mo (RCT) · Healthcare workers Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.14, 1.21] | 168 participants | Low |
Educational intervention vs no intervention Needle stick injuries, hospital registers, 12 mo (RCT) · Healthcare workers Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.16, 1.3] | 529 participants | Low |
Educational intervention vs no intervention Injury rate (ITS), change immediately after intervention, low injury rate · Healthcare workers Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2104 participants | Very low |
Educational intervention vs no intervention Injury rate (ITS), change immediately after intervention, high injury rate · Healthcare workers Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 255 participants | Very low |
Educational intervention vs no intervention Injury rate (ITS), change in trend before and after intervention, low injury rate · Healthcare workers Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2104 participants | Very low |
Educational intervention vs no intervention Injury rate (ITS), change in trend before and after intervention, high injury rate · Healthcare workers Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 255 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Dry eye Cross‐over study (cluster‐RCT) after 6 weeks · Adults Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.54 [0.37, 0.79] | 211 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Perception of stuffiness: Cross‐over study (cluster non‐RCT) after 6 weeks · Adults Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.7 [1.1, 2.61] | 368 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Perception of stuffiness: 2 Before‐and‐after studies after 1‐4 months · Adults Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 102 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Absenteeism due to cold symptoms · Children Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.54 [0.45, 0.65] | 1 study · 232 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Average days of absence per child · Children Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 162 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Average weekly absence · Children Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.38 [0.15, 0.96] | 1 study · 263 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Average total absenteeism · Children Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Absenteeism due to sickness · Children Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 116 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Absenteeism due to influenza‐like illness · Children Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 116 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Dry eye Cross‐over studies (cluster non‐RCT) after 6 – 12 weeks · Adults Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.58 [0.27, 1.25] | 407 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Dry eye Before‐and‐after studies after 6 weeks ‐ 4 months · Adults Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.57 [0.23, 1.41] | 102 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Â · Adults Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |