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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,173 questions in 89 reviews · Neuromuscular
current versionsNo studies 302 · 25.7%Ungraded 119 · 10.1%Very low 267 · 22.8%Low 239 · 20.4%Moderate 177 · 15.1%High 69 · 5.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Presence of PHN 6 months after the onset of acute herpetic rashClinical manifestation · people with acute herpes zoster (within 7 days of onset of rash) Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.45, 1.99] | 2 studies · 114 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse eventsClinical manifestation and laboratory examination · people with acute herpes zoster (within 7 days of onset of rash) Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.65 [0.51, 5.29] | 5 studies · 755 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Non‐serious adverse eventsClinical manifestation and laboratory examination · people with acute herpes zoster (within 7 days of onset of rash) Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.3 [0.9, 1.87] | 5 studies · 755 participants | Low |
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT CTS symptoms (Boston CTS questionnaire) ‐ short‐term improvement: < 3 monthsScale: 1 to 5, higher is worse · carpal tunnel syndrome Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 306 participants | Low |
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT CTS symptoms (Boston CTS questionnaire) ‐ long‐term improvement: > 3 monthsScale: 1 to 5, higher is worse · carpal tunnel syndrome Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 144 participants | Very low |
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT Function (Boston CTS questionnaire) ‐ long‐term improvement: > 3 monthsScale: 1 to 5, higher is worse · carpal tunnel syndrome Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT Overall improvement (improved/not improved or worsened) ‐ short‐term improvement: < 3 months · carpal tunnel syndrome Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.86 [2.29, 6.51] | 1 study · 80 participants | Low |
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT Health‐related quality of life ‐ long‐term improvement: > 3 months · carpal tunnel syndrome Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT Adverse effects · carpal tunnel syndrome Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | RR 15 [0.89, 254.13] | 1 study · 80 participants | Low |
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT Referral for surgery · carpal tunnel syndrome Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.14, 1.58] | 3 studies · 243 participants | Very low |
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo Improvement in symptoms at ≤ 3 months · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 579 participants | Moderate |
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo Improvement in function at ≤ 3 months · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 499 participants | Moderate |
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo Improvement in symptoms at > 3 months · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 234 participants | Moderate |
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo Improvement in neurophysiological parameters at ≤ 3 months · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 359 participants | Very low |
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo Requirement for carpal tunnel surgery · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.72, 0.98] | 1 study · 111 participants | Moderate |
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo Improvement in quality of life · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 111 participants | Moderate |
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo Adverse events · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 639 participants | Low |
IVIg vs placebo Induction · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IVIg vs SCIg Induction · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IVIg vs SCIg Maintenance · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IVIg vs SCIg Proportion of IVIg‐treated participants with an increase in disability during controlled IVIg withdrawal · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IVIg vs SCIg Change in mean muscle strength in participants on IVIg treatment at study entry · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 participants | Very low |
IVIg vs SCIg Adverse events · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IVIg vs SCIg Proportion of participants with side effects attributable to treatment · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.18, 1.4] | 9 participants | Very low |
IVIg vs placebo Proportion of participants with an improvement in disability scale used in the original study · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.89, 10.12] | 18 participants | Low |
IVIg vs placebo Proportion of participants with an improvement of muscle strength · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 11 [2.86, 42.25] | 27 participants | Low |
IVIg vs placebo Proportion of participants with an improvement in disability at 12 months or later · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IVIg vs placebo Proportion of participants in which at least 1 conduction block resolved after therapy · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 7 [0.95, 51.7] | 28 participants | Low |
IVIg vs placebo Maintenance · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IVIg vs placebo Proportion of IVIg‐treated participants with an increase in disability during controlled IVIg withdrawal, as determined and defined by study authors · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.43 [1.13, 5.24] | 42 participants | Moderate |
IVIg vs placebo Proportion of IVIg‐treated participants with a decrease in muscle strength during controlled IVIg withdrawal · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.07, 0.54] | 42 participants | Moderate |
IVIg vs placebo Proportion of participants with side effects attributable to treatment · people with multifocal motor neuropathy Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 10.33 [2.15, 49.77] | 21 participants | Very low |
Botulinum toxin injection vs placebo Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term number of participants reporting improvement · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.81, 11.08] | 1 study · 18 participants | Low |
Dextromethorphan and quinidine sulfate combination (DMQ) vs placebo Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Very low |
Dextromethorphan and quinidine sulfate combination (DMQ) vs placebo Quality of life · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dextromethorphan and quinidine sulfate combination (DMQ) vs placebo Adverse events · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Moderate |
Scopolamine (hyoscine) patches vs placebo Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term Various measures: two 100 mm VAS, for severity and difficulty, anchors unstated, and response based on the ALSFRS‐R (no change or better vs worse) · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via… Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 participants | Very low |
Scopolamine (hyoscine) patches vs placebo Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure Mean volume of daily oral suction · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via… Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 participants | Very low |
Scopolamine (hyoscine) patches vs placebo Quality of life · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via… Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scopolamine (hyoscine) patches vs placebo Adverse events · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via… Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 participants | Very low |
Botulinum toxin injection vs placebo Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure: volume of saliva mL in 5 min (final values) · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Moderate |
Botulinum toxin injection vs placebo Quality of life: SEIQOL‐DW (0 to 100; with higher scores indicating better quality of life) (final values) · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Low |
Botulinum toxin injection vs placebo Adverse effects · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Radiotherapy vs botulinum toxin Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term, measured using the Drool Rating Scale (DRS) (range 8 to 39; higher scores indicate worse drooling) · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with excessive saliva Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Radiotherapy vs botulinum toxin Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with excessive saliva Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiotherapy vs botulinum toxin Quality of life · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with excessive saliva Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiotherapy vs botulinum toxin Adverse events, reported as "negative experiences" · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with excessive saliva Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 7 [1.04, 46.95] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Dextromethorphan and quinidine sulfate combination (DMQ) vs placebo Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Moderate |
Bioengineered devices vs standard techniques Muscle strength at ≥ 24 months · people undergoing peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb Bioengineered nerve conduits and wraps for peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bioengineered devices vs standard techniques Sensory recovery at ≥ 24 months · people undergoing peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb Bioengineered nerve conduits and wraps for peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |