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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

1,173 questions in 89 reviews · Neuromuscular

current versions
No studies 302 · 25.7%Ungraded 119 · 10.1%Very low 267 · 22.8%Low 239 · 20.4%Moderate 177 · 15.1%High 69 · 5.9%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Intervention NR
Presence of PHN 6 months after the onset of acute herpetic rashClinical manifestation · people with acute herpes zoster (within 7 days of onset of rash)
Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia (2023) · Cochrane
RR 0.95 [0.45, 1.99]2 studies · 114 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Serious adverse eventsClinical manifestation and laboratory examination · people with acute herpes zoster (within 7 days of onset of rash)
Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia (2023) · Cochrane
RR 1.65 [0.51, 5.29]5 studies · 755 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Non‐serious adverse eventsClinical manifestation and laboratory examination · people with acute herpes zoster (within 7 days of onset of rash)
Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia (2023) · Cochrane
RR 1.3 [0.9, 1.87]5 studies · 755 participantsLow
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT
CTS symptoms (Boston CTS questionnaire) ‐ short‐term improvement: < 3 monthsScale: 1 to 5, higher is worse · carpal tunnel syndrome
Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted6 studies · 306 participantsLow
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT
CTS symptoms (Boston CTS questionnaire) ‐ long‐term improvement: > 3 monthsScale: 1 to 5, higher is worse · carpal tunnel syndrome
Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 144 participantsVery low
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT
Function (Boston CTS questionnaire) ‐ long‐term improvement: > 3 monthsScale: 1 to 5, higher is worse · carpal tunnel syndrome
Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 34 participantsLow
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT
Overall improvement (improved/not improved or worsened) ‐ short‐term improvement: < 3 months · carpal tunnel syndrome
Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
RR 3.86 [2.29, 6.51]1 study · 80 participantsLow
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT
Health‐related quality of life ‐ long‐term improvement: > 3 months · carpal tunnel syndrome
Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT
Adverse effects · carpal tunnel syndrome
Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
RR 15 [0.89, 254.13]1 study · 80 participantsLow
SPLINT vs NO ACTIVE TREATMENT
Referral for surgery · carpal tunnel syndrome
Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
RR 0.47 [0.14, 1.58]3 studies · 243 participantsVery low
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo
Improvement in symptoms at ≤ 3 months · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted8 studies · 579 participantsModerate
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo
Improvement in function at ≤ 3 months · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted7 studies · 499 participantsModerate
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo
Improvement in symptoms at > 3 months · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 234 participantsModerate
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo
Improvement in neurophysiological parameters at ≤ 3 months · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted6 studies · 359 participantsVery low
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo
Requirement for carpal tunnel surgery · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
RR 0.84 [0.72, 0.98]1 study · 111 participantsModerate
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo
Improvement in quality of life · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 111 participantsModerate
Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs saline no treatment or placebo
Adverse events · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted9 studies · 639 participantsLow
IVIg vs placebo
Induction · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IVIg vs SCIg
Induction · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IVIg vs SCIg
Maintenance · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IVIg vs SCIg
Proportion of IVIg‐treated participants with an increase in disability during controlled IVIg withdrawal · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IVIg vs SCIg
Change in mean muscle strength in participants on IVIg treatment at study entry · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted9 participantsVery low
IVIg vs SCIg
Adverse events · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IVIg vs SCIg
Proportion of participants with side effects attributable to treatment · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
RR 0.5 [0.18, 1.4]9 participantsVery low
IVIg vs placebo
Proportion of participants with an improvement in disability scale used in the original study · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
RR 3 [0.89, 10.12]18 participantsLow
IVIg vs placebo
Proportion of participants with an improvement of muscle strength · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
RR 11 [2.86, 42.25]27 participantsLow
IVIg vs placebo
Proportion of participants with an improvement in disability at 12 months or later · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IVIg vs placebo
Proportion of participants in which at least 1 conduction block resolved after therapy · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
RR 7 [0.95, 51.7]28 participantsLow
IVIg vs placebo
Maintenance · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IVIg vs placebo
Proportion of IVIg‐treated participants with an increase in disability during controlled IVIg withdrawal, as determined and defined by study authors · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
RR 2.43 [1.13, 5.24]42 participantsModerate
IVIg vs placebo
Proportion of IVIg‐treated participants with a decrease in muscle strength during controlled IVIg withdrawal · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
RR 0.2 [0.07, 0.54]42 participantsModerate
IVIg vs placebo
Proportion of participants with side effects attributable to treatment · people with multifocal motor neuropathy
Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy (2022) · Cochrane
RR 10.33 [2.15, 49.77]21 participantsVery low
Botulinum toxin injection vs placebo
Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term number of participants reporting improvement · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
RR 3 [0.81, 11.08]1 study · 18 participantsLow
Dextromethorphan and quinidine sulfate combination (DMQ) vs placebo
Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 participantsVery low
Dextromethorphan and quinidine sulfate combination (DMQ) vs placebo
Quality of life · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Dextromethorphan and quinidine sulfate combination (DMQ) vs placebo
Adverse events · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 participantsModerate
Scopolamine (hyoscine) patches vs placebo
Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term Various measures: two 100 mm VAS, for severity and difficulty, anchors unstated, and response based on the ALSFRS‐R (no change or better vs worse) · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via…
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted8 participantsVery low
Scopolamine (hyoscine) patches vs placebo
Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure Mean volume of daily oral suction · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via…
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted8 participantsVery low
Scopolamine (hyoscine) patches vs placebo
Quality of life · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via…
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Scopolamine (hyoscine) patches vs placebo
Adverse events · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via…
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted10 participantsVery low
Botulinum toxin injection vs placebo
Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure: volume of saliva mL in 5 min (final values) · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 18 participantsModerate
Botulinum toxin injection vs placebo
Quality of life: SEIQOL‐DW (0 to 100; with higher scores indicating better quality of life) (final values) · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 17 participantsLow
Botulinum toxin injection vs placebo
Adverse effects · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 20 participantsLow
Radiotherapy vs botulinum toxin
Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term, measured using the Drool Rating Scale (DRS) (range 8 to 39; higher scores indicate worse drooling) · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with excessive saliva
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsVery low
Radiotherapy vs botulinum toxin
Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with excessive saliva
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Radiotherapy vs botulinum toxin
Quality of life · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with excessive saliva
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Radiotherapy vs botulinum toxin
Adverse events, reported as "negative experiences" · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with excessive saliva
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
RR 7 [1.04, 46.95]1 study · 20 participantsVery low
Dextromethorphan and quinidine sulfate combination (DMQ) vs placebo
Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 participantsModerate
Bioengineered devices vs standard techniques
Muscle strength at ≥ 24 months · people undergoing peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb
Bioengineered nerve conduits and wraps for peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Bioengineered devices vs standard techniques
Sensory recovery at ≥ 24 months · people undergoing peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb
Bioengineered nerve conduits and wraps for peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 28 participantsVery low