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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,353 questions in 210 reviews · Neonatal
current versionsNo studies 432 · 18.4%Ungraded 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening vs visual assessment Acute bilirubin encephalopathy · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia Transcutaneous bilirubinometry for detecting jaundice in term or late preterm neonates (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.18] | 1 study · 1858 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening vs visual assessment Cost of care · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia Transcutaneous bilirubinometry for detecting jaundice in term or late preterm neonates (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Probiotics vs placebo Proven sepsis (positive bacterial culture, local or systemic) · neonates born from 35 weeks of gestation who have underdone gastrointestinal surgery Probiotics for the postoperative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.64 [0.16, 2.55] | 1 study · 61 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Probiotics vs placebo All‐cause neonatal mortality (28 days) · neonates born from 35 weeks of gestation who have underdone gastrointestinal surgery Probiotics for the postoperative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Probiotics vs placebo Time to full enteral feeds in daysScale from: 0 to 100 · neonates born from 35 weeks of gestation who have underdone gastrointestinal surgery Probiotics for the postoperative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Probiotics vs placebo All‐cause mortality prior to discharge · neonates born from 35 weeks of gestation who have underdone gastrointestinal surgery Probiotics for the postoperative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Probiotics vs placebo Non‐pathogenic intestinal microflora (relative abundance) · neonates born from 35 weeks of gestation who have underdone gastrointestinal surgery Probiotics for the postoperative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Low |
nHFV vs invasive respiratory therapy Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.2, 2.18] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
nHFV vs nCPAP used Death or chronic lung disease · newborn (term* and preterm) infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.5 [0.52, 12.01] | 1 study · 68 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nCPAP used Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · newborn (term* and preterm) infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.36, 3.78] | 4 studies · 531 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nCPAP used Neurodevelopmental disability · newborn (term* and preterm) infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
nHFV vs nIPPV used Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.86 [0.9, 3.83] | 2 studies · 84 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nIPPV used Endotracheal intubation To discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.76, 2.34] | 5 studies · 228 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nIPPV used Chronic lung disease · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.42, 0.95] | 5 studies · 307 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nIPPV used Death or chronic lung disease · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
nHFV vs nIPPV used Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
nHFV vs nIPPV used Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
nHFV vs HFNC Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
nHFV vs invasive respiratory therapy Endotracheal intubation or reintubation To discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
nHFV vs HFNC Endotracheal intubation or reintubation To discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.94 [0.65, 13.27] | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
nHFV vs HFNC Chronic lung disease · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.46, 2.98] | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
nHFV vs HFNC Death or chronic lung disease · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
nHFV vs HFNC Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
nHFV vs HFNC Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
nHFV vs nCPAP Mortality before hospital discharge · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.52, 1.64] | 6 studies · 1427 participants | Moderate |
nHFV vs nCPAP Endotracheal reintubation To discharge · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.35, 0.51] | 11 studies · 1897 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nCPAP Chronic lung disease · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.67, 0.91] | 10 studies · 1829 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nCPAP Death or chronic lung disease · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.77, 1.06] | 2 studies · 966 participants | Moderate |
nHFV vs nCPAP Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.57, 1.13] | 3 studies · 1117 participants | Moderate |
nHFV vs invasive respiratory therapy Chronic lung disease · preterm infants with respiratory distress Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.09, 1.59] | 2 studies · 180 participants | Very low |
nHFV vs nCPAP Neurodevelopmental disability · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.37, 2.29] | 1 study · 74 participants | Very low |
nHFV vs nIPPV Mortality before hospital discharge · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.83 [0.7, 4.79] | 2 studies · 984 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nIPPV Endotracheal reintubation To discharge · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.54, 0.89] | 6 studies · 1364 participants | Moderate |
nHFV vs nIPPV Chronic lung disease · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.75, 1.04] | 4 studies · 1236 participants | Moderate |
nHFV vs nIPPV Death or chronic lung disease · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.79, 1.08] | 3 studies · 1070 participants | Moderate |
nHFV vs nIPPV Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.55, 1.1] | 4 studies · 1162 participants | Moderate |
nHFV vs nIPPV Neurodevelopmental disability · ventilated preterm infants with planned extubation Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.35, 2.16] | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nIPPV following failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Mortality before hospital discharge · ventilated preterm infants with failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [0.1, 21.33] | 1 study · 39 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nIPPV following failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Endotracheal intubation To discharge · ventilated preterm infants with failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.51, 2.98] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
nHFV vs nIPPV following failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Chronic lung disease · ventilated preterm infants with failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.7, 1.47] | 1 study · 39 participants | Low |
nHFV vs invasive respiratory therapy Death or chronic lung disease · preterm infants with respiratory distress Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
nHFV vs nIPPV following failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Death or chronic lung disease · ventilated preterm infants with failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
nHFV vs nIPPV following failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · ventilated preterm infants with failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.02, 10.87] | 1 study · 39 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nIPPV following failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Neurodevelopmental disability · ventilated preterm infants with failure of initial non‐invasive respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
nHFV vs invasive respiratory therapy Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · preterm infants with respiratory distress Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
nHFV vs invasive respiratory therapy Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm infants with respiratory distress Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
nHFV vs nCPAP used Mortality before hospital discharge · newborn (term* and preterm) infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.41, 2.41] | 4 studies · 531 participants | Very low |
nHFV vs nCPAP used Endotracheal intubation To discharge · newborn (term* and preterm) infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.33, 0.82] | 5 studies · 571 participants | Low |
nHFV vs nCPAP used Chronic lung disease · newborn (term* and preterm) infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [0.8, 2.27] | 4 studies · 481 participants | Low |
Exposure vs no exposure to the smell and taste of milk with tube feeds Time to reach full sucking feeds (time to removal of the feeding tube) · preterm infants Exposure to the smell and taste of milk to accelerate feeding in preterm infants (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 662 participants | Very low |