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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,105 questions in 84 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
current versionsNo studies 434 · 39.3%Ungraded 32 · 2.9%Very low 246 · 22.3%Low 237 · 21.4%Moderate 132 · 11.9%High 24 · 2.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Adherence to Mediterranean diet (AMD) score change (score · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 650 participants | Moderate |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Healthy eating index (HEI‐2005) score change (score · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 245 participants | Moderate |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Adverse events · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 502 participants | Very low |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Estimated energy expenditure (EEE) (min/week) · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Leisure time physical activity (LTPA)(kcal/week) · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 245 participants | Moderate |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) (mL/kg/min) · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Total activity time (TAA) (min/week) · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 650 participants | Moderate |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 146 participants | Very low |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Body weight (BW)(kg) · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 441 participants | Moderate |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Body weight change (BWC) (kg) · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1044 participants | Low |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Health‐related quality of life(WHOQOL‐BREF questionnaire, score · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 149 participants | Moderate |
Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets Body weight (kg) · people with overweight or obesity Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 403 participants | Moderate |
Low glycaemic index (GI) or low glycaemic load (GL) diets vs any other diet All‐cause mortality · people with obesity or overweight Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) · people with overweight or obesity Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 186 participants | Low |
Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets Adverse events (n/N) · people with overweight or obesity Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 106 participants | Very low |
Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets Health‐related quality of life Scale · people with overweight or obesity Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets All‐cause mortality · people with overweight or obesity Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low glycaemic index (GI) or low glycaemic load (GL) diets vs any other diet Body weight (kg) · people with obesity or overweight Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 723 participants | Moderate |
Low glycaemic index (GI) or low glycaemic load (GL) diets vs any other diet Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) · people with obesity or overweight Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 650 participants | Moderate |
Low glycaemic index (GI) or low glycaemic load (GL) diets vs any other diet Adverse events (n/N) · people with obesity or overweight Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 682 participants | Low |
Low glycaemic index (GI) or low glycaemic load (GL) diets vs any other diet Health‐related quality of life · people with obesity or overweight Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality (death from any cause) Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.88, 1.33] | 18 studies · 2551 participants | High |
Intervention NR Severe hypoglycaemic episodes (number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes) Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4.73 [2.12, 10.55] | 11 studies · 1896 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Infectious complications (infectious complication after surgery (e.g. pneumonia, urinary tract infection)) Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.55, 1.04] | 18 studies · 2453 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cardiovascular events (incidents that may cause damage to the cardiovascular system) Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.55, 0.97] | 12 studies · 1454 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Renal failure (number of individuals with an elevation of serum creatinine greater than 2 mg/dL or requiring dialysis) Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.69, 1.22] | 14 studies · 2086 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Length of ICU stay (days admitted to the ICU unit) Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1687 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Length of hospital stay (days admitted to the hospital) Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1520 participants | Very low |
Parathyroidectomy vs observation Cure of PHPT · people with primary hyperparathyroidism Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.04 [0.02, 0.08] | 8 studies · 333 participants | Moderate |
Parathyroidectomy vs observation Morbidity related to PHPT · people with primary hyperparathyroidism Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 287 participants | Very low |
Parathyroidectomy vs observation Serious adverse events · people with primary hyperparathyroidism Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism (2023) · Cochrane | 3.35 [0.14, 78.6] | 4 studies · 168 participants | Low |
Parathyroidectomy vs observation All‐cause mortality · people with primary hyperparathyroidism Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism (2023) · Cochrane | 2.11 [0.2, 22.6] | 2 studies · 133 participants | Very low |
Parathyroidectomy vs observation Health‐related quality of life · people with primary hyperparathyroidism Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 195 participants | Very low |
Parathyroidectomy vs observation Hospitalisation for hypercalcaemia, renal impairment or pancreatitis · people with primary hyperparathyroidism Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.2, 4.25] | 6 studies · 287 participants | Low |
DPP‐4 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Hypoglycaemic episodes a) Non‐serious hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.41, 0.68] | 4 studies · 2495 participants | Very low |
Meglitinides vs sulphonylureas Adverse events other than hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Meglitinides vs sulphonylureas All‐cause mortality Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Meglitinides vs sulphonylureas Treatment satisfaction Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Meglitinides vs sulphonylureas HbA1c (%) Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 235 participants | Very low |
SGLT‐2 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Hypoglycaemic episodes a) Non‐serious hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.28 [0.1, 0.79] | 1 study · 110 participants | Very low |
SGLT‐2 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Health‐related quality of life Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SGLT‐2 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Adverse events other than hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.6, 1.67] | 1 study · 110 participants | Very low |
SGLT‐2 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas All‐cause mortality Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SGLT‐2 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Treatment satisfaction Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SGLT‐2 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas HbA1c (%) Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 103 participants | Low |
DPP‐4 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Health‐related quality of life Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
GLP‐1 analogues inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Hypoglycaemic episodes a) Non‐serious hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.28, 0.74] | 3 studies · 596 participants | Very low |
GLP‐1 analogues inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Health‐related quality of life Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
GLP‐1 analogues inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Adverse events other than hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.86, 2.61] | 3 studies · 499 participants | Very low |
GLP‐1 analogues inhibitors vs sulphonylureas All‐cause mortality Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |