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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and hydroxycamptothecin (rAd‐p53/HCT) vs hydroxycamptothecin Proportion of people with ≥ 1 serious adverse events · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and hydroxycamptothecin (rAd‐p53/HCT) vs hydroxycamptothecin Health‐related quality of life · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and hydroxycamptothecin (rAd‐p53/HCT) vs hydroxycamptothecin Proportion of people with disease progression · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.4 [0.57, 10.08] | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa‐Vec) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care alone Proportion of people with ≥ 1 serious adverse events (at 20 months) · participants with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.42 [0.6, 3.33] | 1 study · 129 participants | Very low |
Recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and hydroxycamptothecin (rAd‐p53/HCT) vs hydroxycamptothecin Adverse events considered non‐serious (number of events) · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and 5‐fluorouracil (rAd‐p53/5‐Fu) plus transarterial chemoembolisation vs transarterial chemoembolisation Overall survival · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and 5‐fluorouracil (rAd‐p53/5‐Fu) plus transarterial chemoembolisation vs transarterial chemoembolisation Proportion of people with ≥ 1 serious adverse events · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and 5‐fluorouracil (rAd‐p53/5‐Fu) plus transarterial chemoembolisation vs transarterial chemoembolisation Health‐related quality of life · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and 5‐fluorouracil (rAd‐p53/5‐Fu) plus transarterial chemoembolisation vs transarterial chemoembolisation Proportion of people with disease progression · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.34, 2.16] | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and 5‐fluorouracil (rAd‐p53/5‐Fu) plus transarterial chemoembolisation vs transarterial chemoembolisation Adverse events considered non‐serious (number of events) · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
E1B‐deleted (dl1520) adenovirus vs percutaneous ethanol injection Overall survival · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
E1B‐deleted (dl1520) adenovirus vs percutaneous ethanol injection Proportion of people with ≥ 1 serious adverse events · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
E1B‐deleted (dl1520) adenovirus vs percutaneous ethanol injection Health‐related quality of life · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
E1B‐deleted (dl1520) adenovirus vs percutaneous ethanol injection Proportion of people with disease progression · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.58, 3.09] | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa‐Vec) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care alone Health‐related quality of life · participants with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 129 participants | Very low |
E1B‐deleted (dl1520) adenovirus vs percutaneous ethanol injection Adverse events considered non‐serious (number of participants) · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.49, 1.38] | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa‐Vec) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care alone Proportion of people with disease progression · participants with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.64 [1.29, 5.43] | 1 study · 129 participants | Very low |
Pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa‐Vec) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care alone Adverse events considered non‐serious (number of participants) · participants with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2 [1.47, 2.72] | 1 study · 129 participants | Very low |
Adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver transplantation vs liver transplantation All‐cause mortality · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.39 [0.2, 0.76] | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
Adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver transplantation vs liver transplantation Proportion of people with ≥ 1 serious adverse events during treatment · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver transplantation vs liver transplantation Health‐related quality of life · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver transplantation vs liver transplantation Proportion of people with disease progression · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs sham treatment Proportion of participants without successful treatment at longest · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.66, 1.66] | 3 studies · 340 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs endoscopic papillary balloon dilation All‐cause mortality (or overall survival) ‐ not reported · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs endoscopic papillary balloon dilation Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 non‐serious adverse events ‐ not reported · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy vs dual endoscopic sphincterotomy Proportion of participants without successful treatment at 1 year · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.32, 1.31] | 1 study · 99 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy vs dual endoscopic sphincterotomy Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events ‐ not reported · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy vs dual endoscopic sphincterotomy Health‐related quality of life ‐ not reported · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy vs dual endoscopic sphincterotomy All‐cause mortality (or overall survival) ‐ not reported · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy vs dual endoscopic sphincterotomy Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 non‐serious adverse events ‐ not reported · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs sham treatment Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events at 1 year · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.34, 1.46] | 1 study · 214 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs sham treatment Quality of life · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 214 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs sham treatment Quality of life · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 214 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs sham treatment All‐cause mortality (or overall survival) ‐ not reported · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs sham treatment Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 non‐serious adverse events ‐ not reported · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs endoscopic papillary balloon dilation Proportion of participants without successful treatment ‐ not reported · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs endoscopic papillary balloon dilation Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events at 1 year · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.04, 3.15] | 1 study · 91 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs endoscopic papillary balloon dilation Health‐related quality of life ‐ not reported · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.15 [0.01, 2.83] | 1 study · 782 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs other antibiotics Clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis regardless of laboratory confirmation · farmworkers Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 4.18 [0.94, 18.66] | 1 study · 137 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs other antibiotics Clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis confirmed by laboratory diagnosis · farmworkers Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 4.18 [0.94, 18.66] | 1 study · 137 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs other antibiotics Serious adverse events ‐ not reported · farmworkers Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs other antibiotics Quality of life ‐ not reported · farmworkers Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs other antibiotics Non‐serious adverse events · farmworkers Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.36, 3.48] | 1 study · 137 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Laboratory‐confirmed leptospirosis · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.25, 1.26] | 5 studies · 2593 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Clinical diagnosis of infection regardless of laboratory confirmed · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.53, 1.08] | 4 studies · 1653 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Clinical diagnosis confirmed by laboratory diagnosis · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.26, 1.26] | 4 studies · 1653 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Serious adverse events ‐ not reported · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Quality of life ‐ not reported · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Non‐serious adverse events · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 10.13 [2.4, 42.71] | 3 studies · 1909 participants | Very low |