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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE (separated time… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics

Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of… compared with CBT plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics

Leaving the study early/ loss to · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with CBT plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics may leads to lower adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE (separated time… compared with CBT plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs no specific treatment

Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (separated time points) ‐ > 1 year · schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics showed no clear difference in global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of… compared with no specific treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs no specific treatment

Leaving the study early/ loss to · schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with no specific treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics

Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics

Leaving the study early/ loss to · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Magnetic seizure therapy plus standard care vs electroconvulsive therapy plus standard care

Global state: clinically important change in global state · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether magnetic seizure therapy plus standard care changes global state: clinically important change assessed by: number of… compared with electroconvulsive therapy plus standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Magnetic seizure therapy plus standard care vs electroconvulsive therapy plus standard care

Adverse effects: clinically important adverse effectsassessed by: number of participants with a delayed memory deficitStudy duration: 4 weeks · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether magnetic seizure therapy plus standard care changes adverse effects: clinically important adverse effectsassessed by:… compared with electroconvulsive therapy plus standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Magnetic seizure therapy plus standard care vs electroconvulsive therapy plus standard care

Dropout · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether magnetic seizure therapy plus standard care changes leaving the study early: any reasonassessed by: number of dropouts… compared with electroconvulsive therapy plus standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review