What do systematic reviews say?

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with cariprazine (1 mg/d to 4.5 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with cariprazine (1… showed no clear difference in remission (MADRS total score ≤ 10) ‐ any dose compared with augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.86, 1.33]
  1 study · 808 participants
  Moderate

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with cariprazine (1 mg/d to 4.5 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with quetiapine (150 mg/d to 300 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 977 participants
  High

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with quetiapine (150 mg/d to 300 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with quetiapine… showed no clear difference in dropouts ‐ Any dose compared with augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [0.9, 1.95]
  3 studies · 997 participants
  Moderate

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with quetiapine (150 mg/d to 300 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with quetiapine… probably leads to higher response (≥ 50% reduction in MADRS or HAM‐D score) ‐ Any dose compared with augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [1.09, 1.44]
  3 studies · 977 participants
  Moderate

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with quetiapine (150 mg/d to 300 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with quetiapine… probably leads to higher remission (MADRS score ≤ 8/HAM‐D score ≤ 7) ‐ Any dose compared with augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.53 [1.23, 1.9]
  3 studies · 977 participants
  Moderate

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with quetiapine (150 mg/d to 300 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 884 participants
  Moderate

Surgical vs conservative interventions

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating fractures of the middle third of the clavicle 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 838 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 888 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in varenicline (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.18 [0.93, 1.49]
  42 studies · 13407 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in cytisine (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.94 [0.58, 1.5]
  5 studies · 2915 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine patch (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.96 [0.71, 1.29]
  27 studies · 12602 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.07 [0.75, 1.54]
  18 studies · 5551 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine EC (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.79 [0.5, 1.23]
  7 studies · 1642 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in bupropion (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.35 [0.97, 1.92]
  22 studies · 7231 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy plus pharmacotherapy vs pharmacotherapy alone

• Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 65 participants
  Very low

CBT vs non‐pharmacological intervention

• Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 97 participants
  Low