Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

229 questions · 231 findings · 28 reviews

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No studies found 32 · 13.9%GRADE not reported 3 · 1.3%Very low 28 · 12.1%Low 58 · 25.1%Moderate 60 · 26%High 50 · 21.6%

Heterologous vaccination scheme vs homologous vaccination scheme

Serious adverse eventsk

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 229 participants
Very low

Heterologous vaccination scheme vs homologous vaccination scheme

Local reactogenicity events

Heterologous vaccination scheme may leads to higher local reactogenicity eventsb compared with homologous vaccination scheme (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 11.76 [1.59, 87.14]
1 study · 101 participants
Low

Hepatitis B vaccination vs placebo

Hepatitis B Virus infection ‐ not measured · people living with HIV

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hepatitis B vaccination for reducing morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hepatitis B vaccination vs placebo

Hepatitis B virus morbidity ‐ not measured · people living with HIV

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hepatitis B vaccination for reducing morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hepatitis B vaccination vs placebo

Hepatitis B‐related mortality · people living with HIV

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hepatitis B vaccination for reducing morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hepatitis B vaccination vs placebo

All cause mortality ‐ not measured · people living with HIV

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hepatitis B vaccination for reducing morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hepatitis B vaccination vs placebo

Hepatitis B antibody titre (IgG) · people living with HIV

1 finding from 1 review

Hepatitis B vaccination for reducing morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Very low

Enhancing vaccination access vs no intervention or another intervention

Group visits of participants to physician and nurse compared to usual care · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Enhancing vaccination access probably leads to higher group visits of participants to physician and nurse compared to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 27.19 [1.6, 463.25]
1 study · 321 participants
Moderate

Enhancing vaccination access vs no intervention or another intervention

Free influenza vaccine compared to invitation to be vaccinated but patient pays · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Enhancing vaccination access leads to higher free influenza vaccine compared to invitation to be vaccinated but… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.36 [1.98, 2.82]
2 studies · 2251 participants
High

Enhancing vaccination access vs no intervention or another intervention

Free influenza vaccine compared to no intervention · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2250 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Finding 19: social exclusion. Some parents, predominantly from LMICs, were less accepting of childhood vaccination due to their experiences of social exclusion. Social exclusion may involve economic disadvantage, residential segregation, a lack of... · groups. Numerous parents characterised infants and young children as weak and vulnerable, and in need of protection against multiple…

1 finding from 1 review

Factors that influence parents' and informal caregivers' views and practices regarding routine childhood vaccination:… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

4a. Procedural crying (during and immediately after the vaccination procedure) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine

1 finding from 1 review

Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 320 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

4a. Procedural crying (during and immediately after the vaccination procedure) (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Yellow fever vaccination vs placebo

Incidence of herpes labialis during use of the preventative intervention · participants with recurrent herpes labialis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prevention of herpes simplex labialis (cold sores on the lips) 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Moderate

Yellow fever vaccination vs placebo

Adverse effects during use of the preventative intervention · participants with recurrent herpes labialis

Yellow fever vaccination showed no clear difference in adverse effects during use of the preventative intervention compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prevention of herpes simplex labialis (cold sores on the lips) 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.45]
1 study · 24 participants
Moderate

Breastfeeding vs other interventions, oral water, or no treatment

Duration of crying (seconds) · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 547 participants
Moderate

Breastfeeding vs other interventions, oral water, or no treatment

All pain scores during injection Due to range of pain scores used, data analysed using SMDs. Pain scores were measured during and up to 3 minutes following completion of vaccination. · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination

2 findings from 1 review

Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 310 participants
Moderate
Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 174 participants
Low

Provider education with performance feedback vs usual practice

Uptake of HPV vaccineb · paediatricians and nurse practitioners

1 finding from 1 review

Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2e+05 participants
Low

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Posters in clinic displaying influenza vaccination rates to encourage doctors to compete plus postcards to participants compared to no intervention · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to higher posters in clinic displaying influenza vaccination rates to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.03 [1.86, 2.22]
1 study · 8376 participants
High