Treatment failure (indication for non‐routine secondary surgery) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
Surgical may leads to lower treatment failuref Indication for non‐routine secondary surgery compared with conservative interventions (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cosmetic problemi · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical changes cosmetic problemi compared with conservative interventions (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Total of participants with adverse event outcomel · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical changes total of participants with adverse event outcomel compared with conservative interventions (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life (physical) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.2 [0.04, 1.09]
Studies not reported
Very low
Functional outcomes · children with displaced fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Treatment failure requiring re‐intervention · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes treatment failure requiring re‐intervention compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.87]
Studies not reported
Very low
Nerve injury · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes nerve injury compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.5 [0.5, 12.46]
Studies not reported
Very low
Major complications Pin site infections. · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes major complications Pin site infections. compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4 [0.47, 34.11]
Studies not reported
Very low
DASH questionnaire (0 (best function) to 100 (worst function)) ‐ at 1 year · adults with acute acromioclavicular dislocation of the shouldera
1 finding from 1 review
Pain: presence of pain (slight or moderate) at 1 year · adults with acute acromioclavicular dislocation of the shouldera
It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes pain: presence of pain (slight or moderate) at 1 year compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure requiring re‐intervention · adults with acute acromioclavicular dislocation of the shouldera
It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes treatment failure (usually requiring a subsequent operation) at 1 year compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants to return to work/sport ‐ at 1 year · adults with acute acromioclavicular dislocation of the shouldera
Surgical intervention showed no clear difference in number of participants to return to work/sport ‐ at 1 year compared with conservative intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life (physical) · adults with acute acromioclavicular dislocation of the shouldera
1 finding from 1 review
Participants with adverse events at 1 year · adults with acute acromioclavicular dislocation of the shouldera
It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes participants with adverse events at 1 year compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient dissatisfaction with the cosmetic result at 1 yearh · adults with acute acromioclavicular dislocation of the shouldera
It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes patient dissatisfaction with the cosmetic result at 1 yearh compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Final post‐surgical neurological status NASS (North American Spine Society) scores. Scale from: 0 to 100 (higher scores indicate better neurological function). · adults with cervical spine facet dislocations
1 finding from 1 review
Functional outcomes · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Unacceptable malunion · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
Surgical interventions probably leads to lower unacceptable malunion Assessed by imaging compared with conservative interventions (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
Surgical interventions may leads to higher serious adverse events compared with conservative interventions (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review