Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface · Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth)
1.23% APF gel was probably more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of any-coronal carious lesions (RR 2.25, 95% CI 2 to 2.53; moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface · Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth)
1.23% APF gel may not differ from 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of any-coronal carious lesions (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.29; low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface · Preschool children with advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary teeth)
30% SDF solution (once weekly for 3 weeks) probably did not differ from 5% NaF varnish (once weekly for 3 weeks) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.18; moderate certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface · Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth)
10% CPP-ACP paste may not differ from no treatment for arrest or reversal of any-coronal carious lesions (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.18; low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface · Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth)
10% CPP-ACP paste was probably less effective than 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of any-coronal carious lesions (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.6; moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface · Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth)
5% NaF varnish was probably more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of any-coronal carious lesions (RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.57; moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface · Primary teeth with advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface
38% SDF solution biannually compared with 12% SDF solution biannually: RR 1.29 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.38); High certainty.
1 finding from 1 review
Proposed inhibition of S. mutans adhesion to tooth surface (mechanism; direct adherence endpoint confirmed only in Ahn 2018) · Cariogenic bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans reference strains) and oral biofilms in vitro
Postbiotics inhibit S. mutans adhesion to tooth surfaces in vitro (ungraded narrative synthesis).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries increment on tooth surfaces (dmfs/DMFS) (prevented fraction) · Children in school or kindergarten settings (aged 3-14 years)
School-based supervised toothbrushing produces a small but statistically significant reduction in tooth-surface caries (DMFS/dmfs SMD -0.22, 95% CI -0.42 to -0.01; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) · adults
Patients with lacunar stroke had a larger periodontal inflamed surface area than those without (MD 849.92); ungraded, no heterogeneity.
1 finding from 1 review
Proper surface texture or luster · Children receiving dental restorations (aged 4-11 years; primary teeth; Class I/II/V cavities)
No significant difference between IRR and CR in surface texture or luster (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proper surface staining · Children receiving dental restorations (aged 4-11 years; primary teeth; Class I/II/V cavities)
No significant difference between IRR and CR in surface staining (moderate certainty; downgraded for inconsistency).
1 finding from 1 review
Enamel surface microhardness · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro)
In vitro, a nano-hydroxyapatite-containing orthodontic composite showed significant enamel remineralization versus control in a single study (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries arrestment at the surface level · Children and adults without systemic diseases affecting dental health
SDF showed no clear advantage for caries arrestment at the surface level.
1 finding from 1 review
dmfs index score (decayed, missing, filled primary surfaces; range 0-80) · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…
Advice about a healthy diet (including breastfeeding promotion and… showed no clear difference in dmfs index score (decayed, missing, filled primary surfaces; range… compared with standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries arrestment at the surface level · Children and adults with active dental caries (aged 1-50; mostly preschool/school children with primary dentition)
Pooling two highly heterogeneous trials, SDF showed no significant difference versus 5% sodium fluoride varnish in surface-level caries arrestment (OR 1.46; ungraded subgroup).
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of new ICLs (proportion of tooth surfaces developing new lesions) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances, followed for development of new ICLs
About 15% of tooth surfaces developed new ICLs during fixed orthodontic treatment (pooled 0.15, 95% CI 0.08-0.26; very low certainty; extreme heterogeneity).
1 finding from 1 review
Enamel surface / cross-sectional microhardness · Human / bovine enamel specimens under cariogenic challenge (in situ / ex vivo)
CO2 laser irradiation changes enamel microhardness versus untreated enamel (MD 49.55, CI 37.74 to 61.37; ungraded, 3 ex-vivo studies, I2=48%); the forest plot shows higher microhardness in laser-treated enamel, although the review text states the opposite.
1 finding from 1 review
Caries arrestment at the surface level · Children and adults with active dental caries (aged 1-50; mostly preschool/school children with primary dentition)
In one trial, nano-silver fluoride arrested more surfaces than SDF (OR 0.52 favoring the comparator; ungraded subgroup).
1 finding from 1 review
Enamel surface microhardness · Human tooth enamel specimens, sound/intact (in vitro)
In sound enamel, Er:YAG laser irradiation significantly increased surface microhardness after acid challenge versus untreated control (SMD 2.41, 95% CI 0.70 to 4.12; 3 in vitro studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD 2.41 [0.70, 4.12]
3 studies
GRADE not reported