Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

151 questions · 163 findings · 14 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

No studies found 12 · 7.4%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.2%Very low 52 · 31.9%Low 52 · 31.9%Moderate 29 · 17.8%High 16 · 9.8%

Laminectomy plus radiotherapy vs radiotherapy

Urinary continence One month after radiation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (single lesion, no prior radiotherapy, fit for surgery)

It is very uncertain whether laminectomy plus radiotherapy changes urinary continence One month after treatment compared with radiotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

It is very uncertain whether intravenous ketorolac changes number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 4 hours compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs NSAIDs

Number of women requiring rescue medication · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

It is very uncertain whether intravenous ketorolac changes number of participants using rescue medication over 4 or 6 hours… compared with another NSAID (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs NSAIDs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants reporting any adverse event compared with another NSAID (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs NSAIDs

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing a serious adverse event compared with another NSAID (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo

Relief of pain · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac may leads to higher number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 6 hours compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo

Use of rescue medication · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

It is very uncertain whether intravenous ketorolac changes number of participants using rescue medication over 4 or 6 hours… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants reporting any adverse event compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing a serious adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs NSAIDs

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 4 hours compared with another NSAID (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ketorolac vs NSAIDs

Relief of pain · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 6 hours compared with another NSAID (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen vs placebo

At least 50% reduction in pain · health problem or population

It is very uncertain whether summary of Findings Table ‐ Ibuprofen changes number of participants with at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Ibuprofen 300 mg vs paracetamol

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · health problem or population

It is very uncertain whether summary of Findings Table ‐ Ibuprofen 300 mg changes number of participants reporting or experiencing any adverse event compared with active comparator (acetaminophen) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review