Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

880 questions · 912 findings · 126 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 143 · 15.7%GRADE not reported 38 · 4.2%Very low 250 · 27.4%Low 253 · 27.7%Moderate 168 · 18.4%High 60 · 6.6%

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg single dose vs 30 mg/kg single dose

Adverse events · people with urinary schistosomiasis

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 992 participants
Low

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg single dose vs 30 mg/kg single dose

Parasitological failure at 1 month · people with urinary schistosomiasis

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg single dose may leads to lower parasitological failure At 1 month compared with 30 mg/kg single dose (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.59, 0.99]
4 studies · 401 participants
Low

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg single dose vs 30 mg/kg single dose

Mean percent egg reduction At 1 month · people with urinary schistosomiasis

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 362 participants
Low

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg single dose vs 30 mg/kg single dose

Parasitological failure At 6 months · people with urinary schistosomiasis

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg single dose showed no clear difference in parasitological failure At 6 months compared with 30 mg/kg single dose (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.76, 1.23]
6 studies · 669 participants
Moderate

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg single dose vs 30 mg/kg single dose

Mean percent egg reduction At 6 months · people with urinary schistosomiasis

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 362 participants
Low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Time to recurrence

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA probably leads to lower time to recurrence compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.47 [0.32, 0.69]
1 study · 236 participants
Moderate

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Time to progression

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA changes time to progression compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.81 [0, 259.93]
1 study · 236 participants
Very low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Serious adverse events

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA changes serious adverse events compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.3, 2.05]
1 study · 236 participants
Very low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Disease‐specific survival

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA showed no clear difference in disease‐specific survival compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.99 [0.74, 1.32]
1 study · 236 participants
Low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Disease‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Single‐dose vs short duration antibiotics

Persistent bacteriuria · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes persistent bacteriuria compared with short‐course (3‐7 days) antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [0.65, 2.62]
2 studies · 145 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs short duration antibiotics

Recurrence · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes recurrence compared with short‐course (3‐7 days) antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.5 [0.43, 5.26]
2 studies · 145 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs short duration antibiotics

Re‐infection · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes re‐infection compared with short‐course (3‐7 days) antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.16 [0.02, 1.26]
1 study · 45 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs 10 days

Persistent bacteriuria · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes persistent bacteriuria compared with conventional 10‐day antibiotic treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.01 [1.06, 3.8]
6 studies · 228 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs 10 days

Persistent symptoms · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes persistent symptoms compared with conventional 10‐day antibiotic treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.29 [0.03, 2.5]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs 10 days

Persistent bacteriuria and symptoms · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes persistent bacteriuria and symptoms compared with conventional 10‐day antibiotic treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.83 [0.18, 18.84]
1 study · 46 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs 10 days

Recurrence · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes recurrence compared with conventional 10‐day antibiotic treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.38 [0.55, 3.5]
2 studies · 79 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs multiple dose antibiotic

Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy

Single dose probably leads to higher bacteriuria compared with multiple dose antibiotic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.98 [1.18, 3.33]
4 studies · 944 participants
Moderate

Single‐dose vs multiple dose antibiotic

Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy

Single dose showed no clear difference in fever compared with multiple dose antibiotic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.84 [0.99, 8.16]
4 studies · 652 participants
Low

Single‐dose vs multiple dose antibiotic

UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy

Single dose showed no clear difference in UTI compared with multiple dose antibiotic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [0.73, 2.68]
5 studies · 1312 participants
Moderate