Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

108 questions · 109 findings · 17 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

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No studies found 16 · 14.7%GRADE not reported 5 · 4.6%Very low 54 · 49.5%Low 9 · 8.3%Moderate 10 · 9.2%High 15 · 13.8%

Breathing vs control

Behavioral measures‐ distress · children aged 6‐15 years who are generally healthy, undergoing surgery, or have leukemia undergoing venipuncture or lumbar puncture

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Suggestion vs control

Behavioral measures‐ pain · children aged 3‐17 years who are generally healthy or have chronic illness undergoing intramuscular injection, immunization, or venipuncture

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Suggestion vs control

Behavioral measures‐ distress · children aged 3‐17 years who are generally healthy or have chronic illness undergoing intramuscular injection, immunization, or venipuncture

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Memory alteration vs control

Behavioral measures‐ pain · children aged 3‐18 years with chronic illness (leukemia) undergoing lumbar puncture

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Memory alteration vs control

Behavioral measures‐ distress · children aged 3‐18 years with chronic illness (leukemia) undergoing lumbar puncture

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported

Distraction vs control

Behavioral measures‐ pain · children aged 2‐19 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing venipuncture, immunization,…

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 309 participants
Low

Distraction vs control

Behavioral measures‐ distress · children aged 2‐19 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing venipuncture, immunization,…

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 500 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

LASB vs oral corticosteroids · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Pilocarpine vs placebo

Other oral symptoms (oral discomfort, dysphonia) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Both studies assessed oral discomfort and dysphonia (Johnson 1993; LeVeque 1993); pilocarpine reported to improve associated symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction (oral discomfort, dysphonia). No pooled data.
2 studies · 278 participants
GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs Artificial saliva

Other oral symptoms (dysgeusia, dysphagia) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Davies 1994 assessed dysgeusia and dysphagia; pilocarpine reported more effective than mucin-based artificial saliva for dysgeusia. No pooled data.
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported

Breastfeeding vs other interventions, oral water, or no treatment

Duration of crying (seconds) · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 547 participants
Moderate

Breastfeeding vs other interventions, oral water, or no treatment

All pain scores during injection Due to range of pain scores used, data analysed using SMDs. Pain scores were measured during and up to 3 minutes following completion of vaccination. · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination

2 findings from 1 review

Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 310 participants
Moderate
Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 174 participants
Low

Breastfeeding vs other interventions, oral water, or no treatment

Heart rate · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 186 participants
Low

Breastfeeding vs other interventions, oral water, or no treatment

Adverse events · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

The ability of OWSC, when seen to reach the colon on · Adults 18 yrs and over with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) as defined by the International Conference on MBO, with no indication for…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

The rate of resolution of MBO with medical management only in patients receiving OWSC compared with those not receiving it (therapeutic). · Adults 18 yrs and over with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) as defined by the International Conference on MBO, with no indication for…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Gastrointestinal adverse effects (increased abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting). · Adults 18 yrs and over with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) as defined by the International Conference on MBO, with no indication for…

1 finding from 1 review

Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 9 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Extra‐abdominal complications (aspiration pneumonia, hypersensitivity reactions). · Adults 18 yrs and over with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) as defined by the International Conference on MBO, with no indication for…

1 finding from 1 review

Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 9 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Length of hospital stay. · Adults 18 yrs and over with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) as defined by the International Conference on MBO, with no indication for…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Time from administration of OWSC to resolution of MBO. · Adults 18 yrs and over with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) as defined by the International Conference on MBO, with no indication for…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found