Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

63 questions · 63 findings · 9 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 10 · 15.9%GRADE not reported 2 · 3.2%Very low 13 · 20.6%Low 22 · 34.9%Moderate 16 · 25.4%High 0 · 0%

Dextrose gel vs placebo

Receipt of intravenous treatment for hypoglycaemia (yes/no) · newborn infants at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia

Dextrose gel showed no clear difference in receipt of intravenous treatment for hypoglycaemia (yes/no) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral dextrose gel to prevent hypoglycaemia in at‐risk neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.68, 1.49]
2 studies · 2548 participants
Moderate

Dextrose gel vs control

Receipt of intravenous treatment for hypoglycaemia (yes/no) · newborn infants with hypoglycaemia

It is very uncertain whether oral dextrose gel changes receipt of intravenous treatment for hypoglycaemia before discharge… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral dextrose gel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.46, 1.32]
2 studies · 312 participants
Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · neonates with sepsis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin

Periventricular leukomalacia · neonates with sepsis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin

Length of stay among survivors · neonates with sepsis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin

Necrotising enterocolitis · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes necrotising enterocolitis, any Bell stage compared with pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.33 [0.31, 5.66]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin

Retinopathy of prematurity · neonates with sepsis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [0.36, 4.39]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics

Chronic lung disease in survivors · neonates with sepsis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · neonates with sepsis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics

Periventricular leukomalacia · neonates with sepsis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics

Length of stay among survivors · neonates with sepsis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics

Necrotising enterocolitis · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes necrotising enterocolitis, any Bell stage compared with immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.33 [0.31, 5.66]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics

Retinopathy of prematurity · neonates with sepsis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.24, 2.1]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin

Chronic lung disease in survivors · neonates with sepsis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intramuscular vitamin K vs intravenous vitamin K

Bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.2 mg IM · preterm infants

Intramuscular vitamin K showed no clear difference in bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.2 mg IM compared with intravenous vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7 [0.38, 129.11]
1 study · 52 participants
Low

Intramuscular vitamin K vs intravenous vitamin K

Necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Intramuscular vitamin K showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM compared with intravenous vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.16, 7.1]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Intramuscular vitamin K vs intravenous vitamin K

Sepsis: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.2 mg IM · preterm infants

Intramuscular vitamin K showed no clear difference in sepsis: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.2 mg IM compared with intravenous vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.28, 3.58]
1 study · 52 participants
Low

Intramuscular vitamin K vs intravenous vitamin K

Sepsis diagnosed after randomisation: range 28 d to 60 d · preterm infants

Intramuscular vitamin K showed no clear difference in sepsis: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM compared with intravenous vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.26, 2.86]
1 study · 54 participants
Low