Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

754 questions · 769 findings · 35 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

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No studies found 228 · 29.6%GRADE not reported 3 · 0.4%Very low 215 · 28%Low 245 · 31.9%Moderate 74 · 9.6%High 4 · 0.5%

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Lidocaine Itch relief · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Sodium thalidomide Itch relief · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Doxepin Itch relief · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Ondansetron VAS(0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 183 participants
High

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Kappa‐opioid agonist VAS(0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 661 participants
High

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Mu‐opioid antagonist VAS(0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 62 participants
Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Nalbuphine VAS(0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 179 participants
Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Cromolyn VAS(0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Nicotinamide VAS(0 to 5 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

EPO Duo score(0 to 40) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Cholestyramine 0 to 3 severity scale · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 15 participants
Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

Knowledge: kidney disease‐related knowledge · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 2185 participants
Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

Self‐care behaviour · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 913 participants
Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

Self‐efficacy · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 687 participants
Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

QoL · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 3848 participants
Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

Death · people with CKD

Educational interventions and self‐management training showed no clear difference in death compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.53, 1.02]
4 studies · 2801 participants
Moderate

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

eGFR · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 618 participants
Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

Hospital admissions · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 3110 participants
Low

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence vs usual care

Taking adherence · solid organ transplant recipients

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence showed no clear difference in taking adherence compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence in solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.95, 1.27]
4 studies · 445 participants
Low

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence vs usual care

Dosing adherence · solid organ transplant recipients

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence may leads to higher dosing adherence compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence in solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [1.03, 1.26]
8 studies · 713 participants
Low