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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

388 questions · 412 findings · 37 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 61 · 14.8%GRADE not reported 42 · 10.2%Very low 68 · 16.5%Low 114 · 27.7%Moderate 100 · 24.3%High 27 · 6.6%

Multi‐component intervention vs other treatments/routine care

Number experiencing adverse effects · the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing an AE compared with other intervention or routine, usual care or control treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs other treatments/routine care

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing a serious adverse event compared with other intervention or routine, usual care or control treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs other treatments/routine care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing at least one exacerbation compared with other intervention or routine, usual care or control treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tailored interventions based on sputum eosinophils vs tailored interventions based on clinical symptoms

Exacerbations · people with asthma

Tailored interventions based on sputum eosinophils probably leads to lower number of participants who had one or more exacerbations over the… compared with tailored interventions based on clinical symptoms (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tailored interventions based on sputum eosinophils vs tailored interventions based on clinical symptoms

Hospital admissions · people with asthma

Tailored interventions based on sputum eosinophils probably leads to lower hospitalisations compared with tailored interventions based on clinical symptoms (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe exacerbations · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal… showed no clear difference in number of participants with moderate/severe acute exacerbations… compared with nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Lung function: FEV1 mL (change from baseline) · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD
1 finding from 1 review

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Use of "rescue" medications and emergency action plans: B2 use puffs per day Duration of treatment: range 14 weeks to 24 weeks · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD
1 finding from 1 review

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Healthcare utilisation ‐ not measured · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review