NPV for detecting advanced occlusal caries · Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro)
In the German private-practice setting, the negative predictive value of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 85.9% at an assumed prevalence of 22.0% (ungraded).
2 findings from 1 review
NPV 85.9
50 studies
GRADE not reported
NPV 97.5
55 studies
GRADE not reported
Positive LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries · Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro)
In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the positive lr of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 3.73 (95% CI 3.1 to 4.4) (ungraded).
3 findings from 1 review
Positive LR 3.73 [3.1, 4.4]
51 studies
GRADE not reported
Positive LR 5.56 [3.7, 8.5]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
Positive LR 3.46 [2.8, 4.3]
67 studies
GRADE not reported
PPV for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries · Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro)
In the German private-practice setting, the positive predictive value of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 82.0% at an assumed prevalence of 45.0% (ungraded).
2 findings from 1 review
PPV 82.0
12 studies
GRADE not reported
PPV 35.6
51 studies
GRADE not reported
Sensitivity for detecting advanced occlusal caries · Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro)
In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled sensitivity of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 43.7% (95% CI 37 to 51) (ungraded).
3 findings from 1 review
Sensitivity 43.7 [37, 51]
50 studies
GRADE not reported
Sensitivity 64.6 [57, 71]
94 studies
GRADE not reported
Sensitivity 75.1 [70, 81]
55 studies
GRADE not reported
Oral cancer mortality (disease-specific) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…
Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers showed no clear difference in oral cancer mortality (disease-specific) compared with no screening (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Costs · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…
1 finding from 1 review
Harms of screening (false-positive/false-negative outcomes) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
No harms were reported.
0 studies
No studies found
Oral cancer incidence · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…
Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers showed no clear difference in oral cancer incidence compared with no screening; GRADE not reported.
2 findings from 1 review
Stage at diagnosis (early-stage detection) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…
Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers led to lower stage at diagnosis (early-stage detection) compared with no screening; GRADE not reported.
2 findings from 1 review
Quality of life · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Test performance (sensitivity and specificity) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…
1 finding from 1 review
Survival (proportion alive after diagnosis) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…
1 finding from 1 review
Visual inspection scores · Patients with early caries lesions in permanent teeth (non-fluoridated water area)
Two trials reported visual inspection scores but could not be pooled (different criteria, missing standard deviations) and gave inconsistent findings, so no quantitative conclusion could be drawn.
1 finding from 1 review
Otitis media · healthy, community‐dwelling children older than 2 years of age
Inactivated influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in otitis media assessed by clinical confirmation (inspection of ear… compared with placebo or do nothing (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Otitis media · healthy, community‐dwelling children younger than 16 years of age
Live attenuated influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in otitis media assessed by clinical confirmation (inspection of ear… compared with placebo or do nothing (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Surgical site infection (all wound classifications) Inspection of the wound1 ( · Patients undergoing surgery
The intervention leads to higher surgical site infection (all wound classifications) Inspection of… (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Surgical site infection Inspection of the wound1 ( · Patients undergoing surgery
The intervention showed no clear difference in surgical site infection Inspection of the wound1 ( (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
MRSA infection rate
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Unanticipated/adverse consequences
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Costs and cost effectiveness
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found