Intervention not reported
Explanation and planning (information giving) Different scales used by different studies, some dichotomous outcomes Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Specific communication techniques Different scales used by different studies, some dichotomous outcomes Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
The intervention may leads to lower specific communication techniques Different scales used by different… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Overall communication skills Different scales used by different studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Empathy Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a 5‐ to 9‐point Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Knowledge (Single intervention) [mean number of correct questionnaire responses, assessed immediately post‐intervention] · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic areas)
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Knowledge ‐ continuous [mean number of correct questionnaire responses, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition (or pregnant) considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic areas)
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Knowledge ‐ dichotomous [> 80% of knowledge questions correct, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition (or pregnant) considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic areas)
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Rate of participation [case notes or questionnaire, measured immediately or up to four weeks post‐intervention] · people with a health condition (or pregnant) considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic areas)
The intervention may leads to lower rate of participation [case notes or questionnaire, measured… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Anxiety (or other psychological stress) [Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety score, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition (or pregnant) considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic areas)
The intervention may leads to lower anxiety (or other psychological stress) [Spielberger State and Trait… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Knowledge [questionnaire (scored out of 80), measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real or hypothetical clinical trial participation in cancer or psychiatric…
The intervention may leads to lower knowledge [questionnaire (scored out of 80), measured immediately… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Knowledge [scored correct answer to single question, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real or hypothetical clinical trial participation in cancer or psychiatric…
The intervention showed no clear difference in knowledge [scored correct answer to single question, measured… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Satisfaction with the information provided [single question, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real or hypothetical clinical trial participation in cancer or psychiatric…
The intervention may leads to higher satisfaction with the information provided [single question,… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Knowledge (Multi‐component intervention) [mean number of correct questionnaire responses, assessed immediately post‐intervention] · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic areas)
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Rate of participation [case notes, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real or hypothetical clinical trial participation in cancer or psychiatric…
The intervention showed no clear difference in rate of participation [case notes, measured immediately… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Rate of participation (Multiple intervention) [questionnaire, measured immediately post‐intervention] · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic areas)
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Satisfaction with the decision‐making process (multi‐component intervention) [questionnaire, assessed immediately post‐intervention] · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic areas)
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Discrimination (i) not registering to attend focus group with people with schizophrenia (immediate) · General public or any of its constituent groups (excluding groups comprising solely of people with mental ill health)
The intervention may leads to higher discrimination (i) not registering to attend focus group with people… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review