Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

74 questions · 74 findings · 9 reviews · Anaesthesia

No studies found 15 · 20.3%GRADE not reported 6 · 8.1%Very low 18 · 24.3%Low 13 · 17.6%Moderate 18 · 24.3%High 4 · 5.4%

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Complications · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes complications compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

All‐cause mortality rate at 30 days · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality rate at 30 days compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

Failure of analgesic technique requiring alternative approach (assessed at any time) · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia probably leads to higher failure of analgesic technique requiring alternative approach… compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

Adverse events (assessed at any time during · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in adverse events (assessed at any time during compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs peripheral nerve blocks

Duration of tracheal intubation · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes duration of tracheal intubation compared with peripheral nerve blocks (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs peripheral nerve blocks

Pain at rest at 6 to 8 hours (score from 0 to 10) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes pain at rest at 6 to 8hours after surgery (score from 0 to 10) compared with peripheral nerve blocks (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review