Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

132 questions · 138 findings · 26 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 23 · 16.7%GRADE not reported 8 · 5.8%Very low 24 · 17.4%Low 46 · 33.3%Moderate 23 · 16.7%High 14 · 10.1%

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Gestational weight gain · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in gestational weight gain (kg) compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 5052 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Postnatal depression · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

1 finding from 1 review

Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.42, 1.63]
2 studies · 3757 participants
Low

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's percentage of total energy intake from saturated fat Measured by food frequency questionnaire and 24‐hour recall · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 216 participants
Very low

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's sodium intake (mg/d) Measured by 24‐hour recall · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 315 participants
Very low

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's fruit and vegetable intake (servings/d) Measured by food frequency questionnaire · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 134 participants
Very low

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's SSB intake (SSB drinks/d, soft drink glasses/d and regular soda servings/d) Measured by questionnaires · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 651 participants
Moderate

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Physical activity · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 573 participants
Low

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's MVPA (min/d) Measured by questionnaire · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 622 participants
Very low

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Adverse effects (not reported by intervention arm) · children aged 4 to 14 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mobile phone interventions vs usual care

Combined cardiovascular events · people prescribed medication for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

1 finding from 1 review

Mobile phone‐based interventions for improving adherence to medication prescribed for the primary prevention of… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 12439 participants
Very low

Dietary interventions vs diet and physical activity interventions combined

Body‐mass index (BMI) · children aged 6‐12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3971 participants
High

Dietary interventions vs diet and physical activity interventions combined

Body‐mass index z score (zBMI) · children aged 6‐12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3971 participants
High

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Body‐mass index z score (zBMI) · children aged 6‐12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 24043 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Body‐mass index (BMI) · children aged 6‐12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
25 studies · 19498 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Body‐mass index z score (zBMI) · children aged 13‐18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 16543 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Body‐mass index (BMI) · children aged 13‐18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 16583 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Body‐mass index z score (zBMI) · children aged 0‐5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 6261 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Body‐mass index (BMI) · children aged 0‐5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 5536 participants
Moderate

Tobacco cessation interventions vs placebo or usual care

Tobacco abstinence after combined counselling and pharmacotherapy (combined) · people in treatment for or recovery from alcohol or other drug dependency

Tobacco cessation interventions may leads to higher tobacco abstinence after combined counselling and pharmacotherapy… compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tobacco use cessation in people in treatment for or recovery from substance use disorders 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.74 [1.39, 2.18]
12 studies · 2229 participants
Low