Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

83 questions · 85 findings · 14 reviews

No studies found 22 · 25.9%GRADE not reported 1 · 1.2%Very low 18 · 21.2%Low 28 · 32.9%Moderate 15 · 17.6%High 1 · 1.2%

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater during longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

It is very uncertain whether topical clonidine (TC) changes participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater during longest compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in much or very much improved on PGIC during longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events during longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in participants experiencing at least 1adverse event during longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine (TC) vs active comparators

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater during longest compared with active comparator (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clonidine and opioid vs opioid

Treatment failure To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal

It is very uncertain whether clonidine and opioid changes treatment failure To discharge compared with opioid alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review