Early initiation of breastfeeding · women exposed to interventions intended to promote breastfeeding
It is very uncertain whether non‐healthcare professional‐led breastfeeding education and support changes early initiation of breastfeeding compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of any breastfeeding · postpartum breastfeeding women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Full breastfeeding compared with not breastfeeding or partial breastfeeding · preterm infants
Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle may leads to higher full breastfeeding compared with not breastfeeding or partial… compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any breastfeeding (full and partial combined) compared with not breastfeeding · preterm infants
Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle probably leads to higher any breastfeeding (full and partial combined) compared with not… compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Breastfeeding complications · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of crying (seconds) · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination
1 finding from 1 review
All pain scores during injection Due to range of pain scores used, data analysed using SMDs. Pain scores were measured during and up to 3 minutes following completion of vaccination. · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination
2 findings from 1 review
Heart rate · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
After excluding one study, nocturnal breastfeeding was associated with higher ECC risk (RR 3.05, 95% CI 2.40 to 3.87; I²=33%).
2 findings from 1 review
Non‐initiation of breastfeeding · women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI > 29 kg/m², who were intending to breastfeed, had no history of breast surgery, who were at least 19 years…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks · women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI > 29 kg/m², who were intending to breastfeed, had no history of breast surgery, who were at least 19 years…
It is very uncertain whether physical breastfeeding support interventions (electric or manual… changes exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (no pump) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Breastfeeding · women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI > 29 kg/m², who were intending to breastfeed, had no history of breast surgery, who were at least 19 years…
It is very uncertain whether physical breastfeeding support interventions (electric or manual… changes any breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (no pump) (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months · women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI > 29 kg/m², who were intending to breastfeed, had no history of breast surgery, who were at least 19 years…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
After excluding Peres et al. (2017), breastfeeding for less than 24 months was associated with fewer caries (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.62; I²=6%).
2 findings from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
Breastfeeding for <12 vs ≥12 months was associated with significantly fewer caries (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.86), indicating breastfeeding beyond 12 months increases ECC risk (substantial heterogeneity; ungraded).
2 findings from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
Breastfeeding for <18 vs ≥18 months was associated with significantly fewer caries (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.92; substantial heterogeneity; ungraded).
2 findings from 1 review
Breastfeeding · pregnant or lactating women who were overweight or obese
It is very uncertain whether multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social,… changes any breastfeeding at 6 months compared with usual care (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Non‐initiation of breastfeeding · pregnant or lactating women who were overweight or obese
It is very uncertain whether multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social,… changes non‐initiation of breastfeeding compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks · pregnant or lactating women who were overweight or obese
It is very uncertain whether multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social,… changes exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review