What do systematic reviews say?

Comparison 2: anticonvulsants/GABAs vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 69 participants
  Low

Anticonvulsants and mood stabilisers vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether anticonvulsants and mood stabilisers changes participants abstinent at end of treatment compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.64, 2.04]
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Very low

Anticonvulsants and mood stabilisers vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether anticonvulsants and mood stabilisers changes participants withdrawn due to adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.67 [0.41, 32.69]
  2 studies · 116 participants
  Very low

Anticonvulsants and mood stabilisers vs placebo

Anticonvulsants and mood stabilisers may leads to lower completion of scheduled treatment compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.47, 0.92]
  3 studies · 141 participants
  Low

Levetiracetam vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether comparison 3: anticonvulsant levetiracetam changes dropouts due to adverse events (acute phase) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2 [0.81, 4.94]
  2 studies · 235 participants
  Very low

Levetiracetam vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 228 participants
  Very low

Levetiracetam vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 16 participants
  Very low

Levetiracetam vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 16 participants
  Very low

Levetiracetam vs placebo

Comparison 3: anticonvulsant levetiracetam showed no clear difference in global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.7, 1.37]
  2 studies · 228 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal lorazepam vs intramuscular paraldehyde

Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal lorazepam may leads to lower additional drugs required to terminate the seizure: 2 or more… compared with intramuscular paraldehyde (low certainty).

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.18, 0.81]
  1 study · 160 participants
  Low

Benzodiazepines vs Other Drug for

Benzodiazepine showed no clear difference in alcohol withdrawal seizures ‐ Benzodiazepine vs. Anticonvulsant compared with other Drug for (moderate certainty).

• Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.7 [0.39, 7.37]
  7 studies · 523 participants
  Moderate

Benzodiazepines vs Other Drug for

Benzodiazepine showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ Benzodiazepine vs. Anticonvulsant compared with other Drug for (high certainty).

• Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.5 [0.83, 2.7]
  9 studies · 471 participants
  High

Benzodiazepines vs Other Drug for

Benzodiazepine showed no clear difference in dropouts ‐ Benzodiazepine vs. Anticonvulsant compared with other Drug for (high certainty).

• Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.11 [0.75, 1.63]
  11 studies · 839 participants
  High

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam

Lorazepam IV probably leads to lower non‐cessation of seizures compared with diazepam IV (moderate certainty).

• Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.45, 0.9]
  3 studies · 264 participants
  Moderate

Diazepam gel vs Placebo gel

Diazepam gel probably leads to lower non‐cessation of seizures compared with placebo gel (moderate certainty).

• Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.3, 0.62]
  2 studies · 165 participants
  Moderate

Diazepam gel vs Placebo gel

Diazepam gel showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with placebo gel (moderate certainty).

• Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.5 [0.94, 2.37]
  2 studies · 165 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam

Lorazepam IV showed no clear difference in requirement for ventilatory support compared with diazepam IV (low certainty).

• Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.36, 1.49]
  3 studies · 264 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam

• Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 264 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam

Lorazepam IV probably leads to lower continuation of status requiring a different drug or general… compared with diazepam IV (moderate certainty).

• Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.63 [0.45, 0.88]
  3 studies · 264 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam

• Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 203 participants
  Moderate