What do systematic reviews say?

Yoga vs an active intervention

• Yoga for treating urinary incontinence in women 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Caffeine reduction vs control

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 11 participants
  Very low

Transurethral radiofrequency collagen denaturation vs no treatment/sham

Transurethral radiofrequency collagen denaturation showed no clear difference in other adverse event: (new) detrusor overactivity: overactive bladder… compared with no treatment/sham treatment (low certainty).

• Transurethral radiofrequency collagen denaturation for the treatment of women with urinary incontinence 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.36 [0.63, 2.93]
  1 study · 173 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

Electrical stimulation may leads to higher participants cured or improved compared with no active treatment (low certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.85 [1.34, 2.55]
  2 studies · 121 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 148 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean change from baseline in condition‐specific quality of lifeScale… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 4.41
  12 studies · 6804 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics probably leads to higher patient perception of cure or improvement compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.38 [1.15, 1.66]
  9 studies · 8457 participants
  Moderate

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean number of urgency episodes per 24 hours compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.85
  23 studies · 16875 participants
  Moderate

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics may leads to higher adverse events: dry mouth compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.5 [3.26, 3.75]
  66 studies · 38368 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics may leads to higher adverse events:urinary retention compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.52 [2.04, 6.08]
  17 studies · 7862 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics may leads to higher withdrawal due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.37 [1.21, 1.56]
  61 studies · 36943 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean number of micturitions per 24 hours compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.85
  30 studies · 19395 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training changes participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 17 [1.13, 256.56]
  1 study · 18 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training changes number of any adverse events: immediately after treatment compared with anticholinergics (very low certainty).

• Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.03 [0.01, 0.17]
  3 studies · 187 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

• Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

• Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 117 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

• Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 92 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

• Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 175 participants
  Very low