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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,645 questions in 107 reviews · Wounds
current versionsNo studies 651 · 39.6%Ungraded 84 · 5.1%Very low 554 · 33.7%Low 283 · 17.2%Moderate 64 · 3.9%High 9 · 0.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes Cost · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 315 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical zippers Surgical site infection Incidence of wound infection · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.08, 8.48] | 3 studies · 424 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs transdermal sutures Wound dehiscence Incidence of wound dehiscence · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.08, 1.54] | 6 studies · 866 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical zippers Wound complications Incidence of wound complications · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.15, 2.04] | 3 studies · 424 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical zippers Wound dehiscence Incidence of wound dehiscence · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.19, 3.16] | 3 studies · 424 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical zippers Cosmesis of scar · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical zippers Patient satisfaction · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical zippers Wound closure time (minutes) · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 424 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical zippers Cost · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs transdermal sutures Cosmesis of scar (cosmesis) · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 950 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs transdermal sutures Patient satisfaction (at 30 days) · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | MD 1.6 [1.32, 1.88] | 1 study · 290 participants | Moderate |
Subcuticular sutures vs transdermal sutures Wound closure time (minutes) · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | MD 5.81 [5.13, 6.49] | 2 studies · 585 participants | Moderate |
Subcuticular sutures vs transdermal sutures Cost · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs skin staples Surgical site infection Incidence of wound infection · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.64, 1.01] | 14 studies · 4163 participants | Moderate |
Subcuticular sutures vs skin staples Wound complications Incidence of wound complications · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.64, 0.98] | 9 studies · 2973 participants | Moderate |
Electrical stimulation (plus standard care) vs sham/no ES (plus standard care) Proportion of pressure ulcers healed (3 to 12 weeks) · people with pressure ulcers Electrical stimulation for treating pressure ulcers (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.99 [1.39, 2.85] | NR | Moderate |
Electrical stimulation (plus standard care) vs sham/no ES (plus standard care) Time to complete healing (3 and 8 weeks) · people with pressure ulcers Electrical stimulation for treating pressure ulcers (2020) · Cochrane | HR 1.06 [0.47, 2.41] | NR | Very low |
Electrical stimulation (plus standard care) vs sham/no ES (plus standard care) Complications/ adverse events related to pressure ulcers (3 to 12 weeks) · people with pressure ulcers Electrical stimulation for treating pressure ulcers (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Electrical stimulation (plus standard care) vs sham/no ES (plus standard care) Quality of life (QoL) · people with pressure ulcers Electrical stimulation for treating pressure ulcers (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hydrosurgery vs conventional debridement Time to complete healing after split‐thickness skin grafting (time to complete healing) · acute partial‐thickness burns prior to skin grafting Hydrosurgical debridement versus conventional surgical debridement for acute partial‐thickness burns (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Hydrosurgery vs conventional debridement Postoperative infection (number of participants with post‐operative infection) · acute partial‐thickness burns prior to skin grafting Hydrosurgical debridement versus conventional surgical debridement for acute partial‐thickness burns (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.57, 3.11] | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic Wound infections Proportion of wound infections · breast cancer surgery Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.53, 0.85] | 10 studies · 2823 participants | Moderate |
Perioperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic Cost of care · breast cancer surgery Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic Adverse reactions to treatment Proportion of participants with adverse reactions to treatment · breast cancer surgery Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 2818 participants | Very low |
Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic Time to onset of infection Mean time to onset of infection · breast cancer surgery Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1450 participants | Low |
Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic Readmission to hospital Proportion of patients readmitted to hospital · breast cancer surgery Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 784 participants | Low |
Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic Cost of care Heterogenous cost calculation methodology · breast cancer surgery Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 510 participants | Low |
Perioperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic Wound infection Proportion of wound infections · breast cancer surgery Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.95] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Perioperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic Adverse reactions to treatment · breast cancer surgery Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Perioperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic Time to onset of infection · breast cancer surgery Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Perioperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic Readmission to hospital · breast cancer surgery Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Braden pressure ulcer risk assessment and training vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement and training Pressure ulcer incidence Visual skin assessment · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.53, 1.77] | 1 study · 150 participants | Very low |
Ramstadius pressure ulcer risk assessment vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement Severity of new pressure ulcers ‐ Stage 1 · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.48, 1.68] | 1 study · 820 participants | Low |
Ramstadius pressure ulcer risk assessment vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement Severity of new pressure ulcers ‐ Stage 2 · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.15, 1.65] | 1 study · 820 participants | Low |
Ramstadius pressure ulcer risk assessment vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement Time to ulcer development Pressure ulcer prevalence · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Waterlow pressure ulcer risk assessment vs Ramstadius pressure ulcer risk assessment Pressure ulcer incidence Visual skin assessment · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [0.83, 2.39] | 1 study · 821 participants | Low |
Waterlow pressure ulcer risk assessment vs Ramstadius pressure ulcer risk assessment Severity of new pressure ulcers ‐ Stage 1 · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.63, 2.15] | 1 study · 821 participants | Low |
Waterlow pressure ulcer risk assessment vs Ramstadius pressure ulcer risk assessment Severity of new pressure ulcers ‐ Stage 2 · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.49 [0.79, 7.89] | 1 study · 821 participants | Low |
Waterlow pressure ulcer risk assessment vs Ramstadius pressure ulcer risk assessment Time to ulcer development Pressure ulcer prevalence · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Braden pressure ulcer risk assessment and training vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement and training Severity of new pressure ulcers Time to ulcer development Pressure ulcer prevalence · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Braden pressure ulcer risk assessment and training vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement alone Pressure ulcer incidence Visual skin assessment · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.77, 2.68] | 1 study · 180 participants | Very low |
Braden pressure ulcer risk assessment and training vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement alone Severity of new pressure ulcers Time to ulcer development Pressure ulcer prevalence · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Waterlow pressure ulcer risk assessment vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement Pressure ulcer incidence Visual skin assessment · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.68, 1.81] | 1 study · 821 participants | Low |
Waterlow pressure ulcer risk assessment vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement Severity of new pressure ulcers ‐ Stage 1 · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.58, 1.9] | 1 study · 821 participants | Low |
Waterlow pressure ulcer risk assessment vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement Severity of new pressure ulcers ‐ Stage 2 · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.5, 3.13] | 1 study · 821 participants | Low |
Waterlow pressure ulcer risk assessment vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement Time to ulcer development Pressure ulcer prevalence · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ramstadius pressure ulcer risk assessment vs pressure ulcer risk assessment using clinical judgement Pressure ulcer incidence Visual skin assessment · patients at risk of pressure ulcers Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.46, 1.35] | 1 study · 820 participants | Low |
Primary closure vs no closure Time to complete wound healing · patients with traumatic wounds due to dog bite Primary closure versus delayed or no closure for traumatic wounds due to mammalian bite (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Primary closure vs no closure Proportion of wounds which were infection‐free · patients with traumatic wounds due to dog bite Primary closure versus delayed or no closure for traumatic wounds due to mammalian bite (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.05] | 2 studies · 782 participants | Very low |
Primary closure vs no closure Proportion of wounds which were infection‐free · patients with traumatic wounds due to dog bite Primary closure versus delayed or no closure for traumatic wounds due to mammalian bite (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |