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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,751 questions in 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care
current versionsNo studies 361 · 20.6%Ungraded 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dexketoprofen 10 mg‐12.5 mg vs placebo Participants with ≥ 1 adverse event following a single dose · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 380 participants | High |
Dexketoprofen 10 mg‐12.5 mg vs placebo Participants with a serious adverse event following a single dose · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 574 participants | Very low |
Dexketoprofen 20 mg or 25 mg vs placebo Participants with ≥ 50% pain relief over 4‐6 hours · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1177 participants | High |
Dexketoprofen 20 mg or 25 mg vs placebo Median (mean) time to use of rescue medication · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 281 participants | Very low |
Dexketoprofen 20 mg or 25 mg vs placebo Participants using rescue medication over 6 hours · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 445 participants | High |
Dexketoprofen 20 mg or 25 mg vs placebo Participants with ≥ 1 adverse event following a single dose · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 536 participants | High |
Ketoprofen 25 mg vs placebo Median (mean) time to use of rescue medication · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 188 participants | Very low |
Dexketoprofen 20 mg or 25 mg vs placebo Participants with a serious adverse event following a single dose · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1271 participants | Very low |
Ketoprofen 25 mg vs placebo Participants using rescue medication over 6 hours · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 402 participants | Moderate |
Ketoprofen 25 mg vs placebo Participants with ≥ 1 adverse event following a single dose · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 490 participants | High |
Ketoprofen 25 mg vs placebo Participants with a serious adverse event following a single dose · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 535 participants | Very low |
Ketoprofen 50 mg vs placebo Participants with ≥ 50% pain relief over 4‐6 hours · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 594 participants | High |
Ketoprofen 50 mg vs placebo Median (mean) time to use of rescue medication · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Ketoprofen 50 mg vs placebo Participants using rescue medication over 6 hours · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 263 participants | High |
Ketoprofen 50 mg vs placebo Participants with ≥ 1 adverse event following a single dose · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 342 participants | High |
High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%) Substantial benefit · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%) PGICvery much improved, week 8 and week 12 · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%) Moderate benefit · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%) PGICmuch or very much improved, week 8 · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 571 participants | Moderate |
High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%) PGIC much or very much improved, week 12 · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 571 participants | Moderate |
High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%) Withdrawals due to lack of efficacy · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 2073 participants | Moderate |
High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%) Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 2487 participants | Moderate |
High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%) Serious adverse events · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1993 participants | Moderate |
High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%) Death · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 2487 participants | Very low |
Gabapentin vs placebo At least 50% reduction in pain or equivalent · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 2031 participants | Moderate |
Gabapentin vs placebo Adverse event withdrawals · adults with neuropathic pain Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 4346 participants | High |
Gabapentin vs placebo Serious adverse events · adults with neuropathic pain Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 3948 participants | Moderate |
Gabapentin vs placebo Death · adults with neuropathic pain Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Gabapentin vs placebo IMMPACT definition ‐ any substantial pain benefit · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 2260 participants | Moderate |
Gabapentin vs placebo Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 2013 participants | Moderate |
Gabapentin vs placebo IMMPACT definition ‐ any at least moderate pain benefit (includes Gong 2008 at 25% pain relief) · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 2260 participants | Moderate |
Gabapentin vs placebo At least 50% pain intensity reduction · adults with peripheral diabetic neuropathy Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1331 participants | Moderate |
Gabapentin vs placebo Any definition of substantial benefit (at least 50% pain intensity reduction or PGIC very much improved) · adults with peripheral diabetic neuropathy Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1331 participants | Moderate |
Gabapentin vs placebo PGIC much or very much improved · adults with peripheral diabetic neuropathy Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 695 participants | Moderate |
Gabapentin vs placebo Any definition of moderate benefit (at least 30% pain intensity reduction or PGIC much or very much improved) · adults with peripheral diabetic neuropathy Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1439 participants | Moderate |
Gabapentin vs placebo Participants experiencing at least one adverse event · adults with neuropathic pain Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 4279 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of participants with self‐reported pain intensity reduction of at least 50% from baseline · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain intensity · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 413 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Analgesic use measured via PCA · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 104 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mental distress · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 1388 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mobility · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 444 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Time to extubation · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of participants with self‐reported pain intensity reduction of at least 50% from baseline · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of participants below 30/100 mm on the visual analogue scale (VAS) in self‐reported postoperative pain intensity · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain intensity · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 200 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Analgesic use measured via PCA · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Mental distress · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 1586 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of participants below 30/100 mm on the visual analogue scale (VAS) in self‐reported postoperative pain intensity · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.68, 2.12] | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mobility · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 458 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Time to extubation · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |