Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

551 questions · 579 findings · 72 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 158 · 27.3%GRADE not reported 44 · 7.6%Very low 173 · 29.9%Low 112 · 19.3%Moderate 66 · 11.4%High 26 · 4.5%

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control

Delayed or non‐union (medium term) · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius, clavicle, scaphoid,…

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound showed no clear difference in delayed or non‐union (medium term) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control

Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (Skin irritation) · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius, clavicle, scaphoid,…

It is very uncertain whether low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound changes adverse events Reported as skin irritation compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Visual acuity · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
2 findings from 1 review

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Ocular alignment (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks, 24 months, or cessation of treatment) and by the proportions of participants who developed strabismus, showed chang... · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Stereo acuity (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks, 6 months, 2 years, or at cessation of treatment) and using different measures (TNO stereo test, Titmus fly test, Rando... · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Quality of life (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks or 6 months) by patient preference or the Amblyopia Treatment Index questionnaire. · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Adverse events (reported occurrence of: mild reduction in the visual acuity of the sound eye not requiring treatment; light sensitivity; skin, lid, or conjunctival irritation) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks or 2 years). · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review