What do systematic reviews say?

30 minutes of one-to-one instruction by a dental hygienist covering the relationship between sugar consumption and dental health, plus oral hygiene, fluoride and regular dental visits (a multi-intervention) vs No special instructions (control)

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 to 12 months
  Table 3, mean (SD) sugar consumption (1-5 scale): instruction group 3.41 (1.50) at baseline to 3.58 (1.07) at follow-up (significant versus baseline); control 2.89 (0.99) to 2.88 (1.27). The review judges the results…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Soy‐rich diet vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Soy‐rich diet vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Soy‐rich diet vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Soy‐rich diet vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Soy‐rich diet vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Soy‐rich diet vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Soy‐rich diet vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 weeks after receiving replacement dentures (about 10 weeks after baseline)
  At follow-up 75% (22) of the intervention group versus 21% (6) of the control were in the Action Stage of Change for vegetable consumption (P<0.001); baseline 23% (7) versus 25% (7). Significant difference between…
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 weeks after receiving replacement dentures (about 10 weeks after baseline)
  Mean (SD) g/day (Table 1): fruit - intervention 111 (80) at baseline rising to 254 (194) at follow-up; control 87 (82) to 106 (116). A significant change in the weight of fruit consumed was found in the intervention…
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 weeks after receiving replacement dentures (about 10 weeks after baseline)
  Mean (SD) BMI kg/m2 (Table 1): intervention 27.4 (3.5) to 27.2 (3.4); control 26.1 (3.3) to 26.1 (3.4). No statistically significant difference between intervention and control (P=0.22).
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 weeks after receiving replacement dentures (about 10 weeks after baseline)
  Mean (SD) g/day (Table 1): vegetables - intervention 157 (73) to 224 (109); control 168 (83) to 175 (91). No significant between-group change in vegetable consumption.
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical… showed no clear difference in fruit juice consumption: risk of starting to drink fruit juice compared with usual care; GRADE not reported.

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 weeks after receiving replacement dentures (about 10 weeks after baseline)
  RR 1.09 [0.42, 2.85]
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 weeks after receiving replacement dentures (about 10 weeks after baseline)
  At follow-up 75% (22) of the intervention group versus 29% (8) of the control were in the Action Stage of Change for fruit consumption (P<0.001); baseline 20% (6) versus 8% (2). Significant difference between groups.…
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes diet quality (very low certainty).

• Healthy eating interventions delivered in early childhood education and care settings for improving the diet of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.34
  6 studies · 1973 participants
  Very low

Probiotics vs placebo

• Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 523 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs placebo

• Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 575 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs placebo

Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Different… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.63 [1.07, 2.47]
  7 studies · 722 participants
  Moderate
• Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.94 [1.1, 3.43]
  2 studies · 224 participants
  Moderate

Probiotics vs placebo

Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.01 [1.77, 5.13]
  4 studies · 344 participants
  Moderate

Fibre vs placebo

• Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 135 participants
  Low