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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

966 questions · 1,015 findings · 90 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 256 · 25.2%GRADE not reported 62 · 6.1%Very low 271 · 26.7%Low 269 · 26.5%Moderate 111 · 10.9%High 46 · 4.5%

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Perineal trauma · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perineal trauma compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Gestational weight gain · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in gestational weight gain (kg) compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary advice plus supplements vs no advice

Number of people admitted or re‐admitted to hospital · adults with disease‐related malnutrition

Dietary advice plus supplements if required showed no clear difference in number of people admitted or re‐admitted to hospital compared with no advice (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications (counselling or dietary change) vs control

Progression to ESKD Measured as requiring dialysis treatment in people with CKD · people with CKD

It is very uncertain whether dietary modifications (counselling or dietary change) changes progression to ESKD Measured as requiring dialysis treatment in… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake vs comparators

All‐cause mortality · malnourished or nutritionally at‐risk adults

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with comparators (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review