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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,756 questions · 13,493 findings · 1,305 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 2,594 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 728 · 5.4%Very low 2,868 · 21.3%Low 3,777 · 28%Moderate 2,620 · 19.4%High 906 · 6.7%

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Antibiotics vs placebo compared

Relapse · children, aged 2 to 59 months, with WHO‐defined non‐severe pneumonia and wheeze

Antibiotic therapy showed no clear difference in relapse (children who were 'cured' but developed symptoms within… compared with placebo compared to placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo compared

Adverse effects of antibiotics · children, aged 2 to 59 months, with WHO‐defined non‐severe pneumonia and wheeze

Antibiotic therapy showed no clear difference in treatment harms (adverse events or side effects associated with… compared with placebo compared to placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Diagnosis of gestational diabetes · preventing gestational diabetes

Probiotics showed no clear difference in diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Mortality or morbidity composite · preventing gestational diabetes

Probiotics showed no clear difference in mortality or morbidity composite compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Hypoglycaemia · preventing gestational diabetes

Probiotics showed no clear difference in hypoglycaemia as defined by trialists compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · preventing gestational diabetes

Probiotics leads to higher hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre‐eclampsia) compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Large‐for‐gestational age · preventing gestational diabetes

Probiotics showed no clear difference in large‐for‐gestational age compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Perinatal mortality · preventing gestational diabetes

Probiotics showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs placebo

Proportion of responders (at least 50% seizure frequency reduction in PGTCS) · people with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

It is very uncertain whether topiramate changes proportion of responders (at least 50% seizure frequency reduction… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review