Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

660 questions · 679 findings · 99 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 160 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 17 · 2.5%Very low 199 · 29.3%Low 189 · 27.8%Moderate 97 · 14.3%High 17 · 2.5%

Double vs single‐injection technique

Primary anaesthesia failure (incomplete sensory block) · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Double leads to lower primary anaesthesia failure (incomplete sensory block) compared with single‐injection technique (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple vs single‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure : Tourniquet pain · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Multiple showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ tourniquet pain compared with single‐injection technique (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure: Intraoperative sedation required · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Multiple showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with double‐injection technique (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure : Tourniquet pain · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Multiple leads to lower secondary analgesia failure ‐ tourniquet pain compared with double‐injection technique (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Double vs single‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure: Intraoperative sedation required · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Double showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with single‐injection technique (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Double vs single‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure : Tourniquet pain · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Double showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ tourniquet pain compared with single‐injection technique (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple vs single‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure: Intraoperative sedation required · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Multiple showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with single‐injection technique (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Day 3 vs Day 2 embryo transfer following IVF or ICSI

Live birth rate per woman · Women undergoing in vitro fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection

It is very uncertain whether day 3 changes live birth rate per woman compared with day 2 embryo transfer following IVF or ICSI (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review