Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,763 questions · 1,835 findings · 201 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 414 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 51 · 2.8%Very low 570 · 31.1%Low 468 · 25.5%Moderate 272 · 14.8%High 60 · 3.3%

Summary of findings ‐ Exercise alone vs exercise plus electrophysical modality

Joint health: Modified Colorado Score · participants with haemophilia

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise for haemophilia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Very low

NMES and exercise vs exercise (with or without sham NMES)

Peripheral muscle endurance/fatigability · COPD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NMES and exercise vs exercise (with or without sham NMES)

Thigh muscle size · COPD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NMES and exercise vs exercise (with or without sham NMES)

Functional performance · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 44 participants
Very low

NMES and exercise vs exercise (with or without sham NMES)

Health‐related quality of life · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 122 participants
Very low

NMES and exercise vs exercise (with or without sham NMES)

Minor adverse events assessed: related to intervention only (e.g. redness) · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 144 participants
Low

NMES and exercise vs exercise (with or without sham NMES)

Peripheral muscle force · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 84 participants
Very low

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs no exercise

All‐cause mortality · patients with coronary heart disease

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with 'no exercise' control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.73, 1.04]
25 studies · 8823 participants
Moderate

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs no exercise

Cardiovascular mortality · patients with coronary heart disease

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with 'no exercise' control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.68, 1.14]
15 studies · 5360 participants
Moderate

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs no exercise

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · patients with coronary heart disease

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation leads to lower fatal and/or non‐fatal MI compared with 'no exercise' control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.55, 0.93]
22 studies · 7423 participants
High

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs no exercise

Revascularisation ‐ CABG · patients with coronary heart disease

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation showed no clear difference in revascularisation ‐ CABG compared with 'no exercise' control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.78, 1.27]
20 studies · 4473 participants
High

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs no exercise

Revascularisation ‐ PCI · patients with coronary heart disease

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation showed no clear difference in revascularisation ‐ PCI compared with 'no exercise' control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.63, 1.19]
13 studies · 3465 participants
Moderate

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs no exercise

Hospital admissions · patients with coronary heart disease

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation probably leads to lower all‐cause hospital admissions compared with 'no exercise' control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.43, 0.77]
14 studies · 2030 participants
Moderate

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs no exercise

Cardiovascular hospital admissions · patients with coronary heart disease

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation showed no clear difference in cardiovascular hospital admissions compared with 'no exercise' control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.41, 1.59]
6 studies · 1087 participants
Low

Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no exercise or placebo exercise

Death (any cause) · adults undergoing maintenance dialysis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise training for adults undergoing maintenance dialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no exercise or placebo exercise

Cardiovascular events · adults undergoing maintenance dialysis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise training for adults undergoing maintenance dialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no exercise or placebo exercise

Fatigue · adults undergoing maintenance dialysis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise training for adults undergoing maintenance dialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no exercise or placebo exercise

Quality of Life: SF‐36 (physical component) · adults undergoing maintenance dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise training for adults undergoing maintenance dialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 228 participants
Very low

Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no exercise or placebo exercise

Mean change in quality of life at ≥ 12 months using the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey mental component score (SF‐36 MCS) · adults undergoing maintenance dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise training for adults undergoing maintenance dialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 228 participants
Very low

Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no exercise or placebo exercise

PainAssessed: SF‐36Scale: 0 to 100 · adults undergoing maintenance dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise training for adults undergoing maintenance dialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 161 participants
Very low