Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,490 questions · 1,526 findings · 124 reviews

No studies found 263 · 17.2%GRADE not reported 224 · 14.7%Very low 292 · 19.1%Low 327 · 21.4%Moderate 286 · 18.7%High 134 · 8.8%

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added)

Vitamin A deficiency · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… showed no clear difference in vitamin A deficiency (as defined by the study authors) compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added)

Any adverse effects (hookworm infection risk) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… may leads to higher any adverse effects (hookworm infection risk) compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added)

Diarrhoea · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

It is very uncertain whether rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… changes diarrhoea (as defined by study authors) compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Bacterial sepsis · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… may leads to lower bacterial sepsis compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Fungal Infection · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… may leads to lower fungal Infection compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Chronic lung disease · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… changes chronic lung disease compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Any late‐onset sepsis ‐ All infants [Data on only confirmed sepsis available] · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… may leads to lower any late‐onset sepsis ‐ All infants [Data on only confirmed sepsis… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

NEC ≥ stage II · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… changes NEC ≥ stage II compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review