Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula

Overweight · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants

It is very uncertain whether high‐protein formula changes overweight compared with standard‐protein formula (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed term infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.26 [0.63, 2.51]
1 study · 1090 participants
Very low

High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula

Obesity · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants

It is very uncertain whether high‐protein formula changes obesity compared with standard‐protein formula (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed term infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.96 [0.59, 6.48]
1 study · 1090 participants
Very low

High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula

All‐cause mortality · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed term infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula

Adverse events · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants

High‐protein formula showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with standard‐protein formula (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed term infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.76, 1.13]
4 studies · 445 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Mixed (adults and children)

1 finding from 1 review

Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
27 studies · 7111 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adults

1 finding from 1 review

Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1914 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Children

1 finding from 1 review

Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 2232 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Mixed (adults and children)

1 finding from 1 review

Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
34 studies · 6843 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adults

1 finding from 1 review

Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 2468 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Children

1 finding from 1 review

Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 2313 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Mixed (adults and children)

1 finding from 1 review

Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
27 studies · 6908 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adults

1 finding from 1 review

Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 2043 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Children

1 finding from 1 review

Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 2172 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Promotion/universal prevention interventions vs control group

Diagnosis of mental disorders at study endpoint · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

Adverse events at study endpoint · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

Psychological functioning and impairment at study endpoint (higher score = higher disability) · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 479 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

Depressive symptoms · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 223 participants
Moderate
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 638 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

Anxiety · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

Distress/PTSD symptoms at study endpoint (higher score = higher severity) · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 535 participants
Very low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 159 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Indicated prevention interventions vs control group

QoL · preventing mental disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1136 participants
Very low
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 152 participants
Very low