Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,534 questions · 5,247 findings · 456 reviews

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No studies found 1,142 · 21.8%GRADE not reported 1,503 · 28.6%Very low 1,040 · 19.8%Low 869 · 16.6%Moderate 554 · 10.6%High 139 · 2.6%

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Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

All‐cause mortality · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…

Low tidal volume showed no clear difference in mortality compared with high tidal volume (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.42, 1.53]
12 studies · 1207 participants
Low

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Pneumonia · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower pneumonia compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.45 [0.25, 0.82]
7 studies · 778 participants
Moderate

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Need for postoperative non‐invasive ventilatory support · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower need for postoperative non‐invasive ventilatory support compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.31 [0.15, 0.64]
3 studies · 506 participants
Moderate

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Need for postoperative invasive ventilatory support · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower need for postoperative invasive ventilatory support compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.14, 0.77]
11 studies · 957 participants
Moderate

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

ICU length of stay (general intensive care patients) · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…

1 finding from 1 review

Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 898 participants
Low

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Length of hospital stay · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…

1 finding from 1 review

Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 1298 participants
Low

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Barotrauma (pneumothorax) · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…

It is very uncertain whether low tidal volume changes barotrauma: pneumothorax compared with high tidal volume (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.77 [0.52, 5.99]
5 studies · 708 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Postoperative delirium (POD) within 7 days (As assessed by any method such as the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) in the first week after operation) · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations

The intervention probably leads to lower postoperative delirium (POD) within 7 days (As assessed by any… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Processed electroencephalogram and evoked potential techniques for amelioration of postoperative delirium and… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.59, 0.85]
3 studies · 2197 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) (As determined by any method of assessing POCD including a battery of neuropsychological tests according to the criteria described by the International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (ISPOCD)) · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations

The intervention showed no clear difference in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) (As determined by any… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Processed electroencephalogram and evoked potential techniques for amelioration of postoperative delirium and… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.69, 1.02]
3 studies · 1989 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Processed electroencephalogram and evoked potential techniques for amelioration of postoperative delirium and… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.62, 1.64]
1 study · 1155 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Any postoperative complication · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations

The intervention probably leads to lower any postoperative complication (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Processed electroencephalogram and evoked potential techniques for amelioration of postoperative delirium and… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.51 [0.37, 0.71]
1 study · 902 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Postoperative length of stay (days) · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations

1 finding from 1 review

Processed electroencephalogram and evoked potential techniques for amelioration of postoperative delirium and… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1155 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Incidence of diarrhoea · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Fly control to prevent diarrhoea in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
491 participants
Low

Exercise vs usual care

Strength through equipment‐based measures: leg press (kg) strength · adults (18 years of age or older at diagnosis) living with and beyond cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise for reducing falls in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 388 participants
Low

Exercise vs usual care

Strength through functional measures; Sit‐to‐Stand Test · adults (18 years of age or older at diagnosis) living with and beyond cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise for reducing falls in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 214 participants
Very low

Exercise vs usual care

Flexibility: Sit‐and‐Reach Distance Test (cm) · adults (18 years of age or older at diagnosis) living with and beyond cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise for reducing falls in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 21 participants
Very low

Exercise vs usual care

Balance: postural stability · adults (18 years of age or older at diagnosis) living with and beyond cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise for reducing falls in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 127 participants
Very low

Exercise vs usual care

Balance: Backward Walk Test (seconds) · adults (18 years of age or older at diagnosis) living with and beyond cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise for reducing falls in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 280 participants
Low

Exercise vs usual care

Adverse effect: fatigue · adults (18 years of age or older at diagnosis) living with and beyond cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise for reducing falls in people living with and beyond cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 78 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Comparative studies · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents – assessment of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found