Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,518 questions in 135 reviews · Infectious Diseases
current versionsNo studies 135 · 8.9%Ungraded 150 · 9.9%Very low 350 · 23.1%Low 420 · 27.7%Moderate 321 · 21.1%High 142 · 9.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mefloquine plus cotrimoxazole vs cotrimoxazole Low birth weight · HIV‐infected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.89, 1.6] | 2 studies · 1220 participants | Moderate |
Mefloquine plus cotrimoxazole vs cotrimoxazole Spontaneous abortions and stillbirths · HIV‐infected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.42, 2.98] | 2 studies · 1347 participants | Very low |
Mefloquine plus cotrimoxazole vs cotrimoxazole AEs: vomiting · HIV‐infected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | RR 7.95 [4.79, 13.18] | 1 study · 1055 participants | High |
Mefloquine plus cotrimoxazole vs cotrimoxazole AEs: dizziness · HIV‐infected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.94 [2.85, 5.46] | 1 study · 1055 participants | High |
Mefloquine vs sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine Maternal peripheral parasitaemia at delivery · HIV‐uninfected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.48, 0.86] | 2 studies · 5455 participants | High |
Mefloquine vs sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine Placental malaria · HIV‐uninfected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.58, 1.86] | 2 studies · 4668 participants | Low |
Mefloquine vs sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine Maternal anaemia at delivery · HIV‐uninfected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.76, 0.94] | 2 studies · 5469 participants | Moderate |
Mefloquine vs sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine Low birth weight · HIV‐uninfected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.78, 1.17] | 2 studies · 5641 participants | High |
Mefloquine vs sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine Stillbirths and abortions · HIV‐uninfected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.91, 1.58] | 2 studies · 6219 participants | Moderate |
Mefloquine vs sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine AEs: vomiting · HIV‐uninfected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.76 [4.13, 5.49] | 2 studies · 6272 participants | High |
Mefloquine vs sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine AEs: dizziness · HIV‐uninfected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.21 [3.36, 5.27] | 2 studies · 6272 participants | Moderate |
Mefloquine plus cotrimoxazole vs cotrimoxazole Clinical malaria episodes during pregnancy · HIV‐infected pregnant women Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women (2018) · Cochrane | IRR 0.76 [0.33, 1.76] | 1 study · 1 participants | High |
Smectite vs control Duration of diarrhoea · acute infectious diarrhoea in children Smectite for acute infectious diarrhoea in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 2209 participants | Low |
Smectite vs control Clinical resolution at day 3 · acute infectious diarrhoea in children Smectite for acute infectious diarrhoea in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.1 [1.3, 3.39] | 5 studies · 312 participants | Low |
Smectite vs control Stool frequency · acute infectious diarrhoea in children Smectite for acute infectious diarrhoea in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 954 participants | Very low |
Smectite vs control Stool output · acute infectious diarrhoea in children Smectite for acute infectious diarrhoea in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 634 participants | Low |
Smectite vs control Need for hospitalization · acute infectious diarrhoea in children Smectite for acute infectious diarrhoea in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.75, 1.15] | 2 studies · 885 participants | Low |
Smectite vs control Need for intravenous access for rehydration · acute infectious diarrhoea in children Smectite for acute infectious diarrhoea in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.54, 1.11] | 1 study · 81 participants | Moderate |
Smectite vs control Adverse events – constipation · acute infectious diarrhoea in children Smectite for acute infectious diarrhoea in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.71 [0.56, 39.19] | 2 studies · 128 participants | Low |
Smectite vs control Death · acute infectious diarrhoea in children Smectite for acute infectious diarrhoea in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smectite vs control Serious adverse events · acute infectious diarrhoea in children Smectite for acute infectious diarrhoea in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical repellents vs placebo or no treatment Clinical malaria: P. falciparum · malaria prevention Mosquito repellents for malaria prevention (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.4, 1.07] | 3 studies · 4450 participants | Very low |
Topical repellents vs placebo or no treatment Parasitaemia: P. falciparum · malaria prevention Mosquito repellents for malaria prevention (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.64, 1.12] | 4 studies · 13310 participants | Low |
Topical repellents vs placebo or no treatment Clinical malaria: P. vivax · malaria prevention Mosquito repellents for malaria prevention (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.99, 1.76] | 2 studies · 3996 participants | Low |
Topical repellents vs placebo or no treatment Parasitaemia: P. vivax · malaria prevention Mosquito repellents for malaria prevention (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.8, 1.41] | 3 studies · 9434 participants | Low |
ITC vs placebo or no treatment Clinical malaria: P. falciparum · malaria prevention Mosquito repellents for malaria prevention (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.29, 0.83] | 2 studies · 997 participants | Low |
ITC vs placebo or no treatment Clinical malaria: P. vivax · malaria prevention Mosquito repellents for malaria prevention (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.4, 1.01] | 2 studies · 997 participants | Low |
Spatial repellents vs placebo or no treatment Parasitaemia Plasmodium spp. · malaria prevention Mosquito repellents for malaria prevention (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.03, 1.72] | 2 studies · 6683 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Incidence of diarrhoea · children under 5 years of age Fly control to prevent diarrhoea in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 491 participants | Low |
Rifampicin combined with streptomycin vs surgery alone Recurrence, 12 months · people with Buruli ulcer, non‐ulcerated lesions measuring less than 10 cm in diameter, aged 15 years or older Drugs for treating Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease) (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.12 [0.01, 2.51] | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Rifampicin with clarithromycin vs rifampicin with streptomycin Curea · people with Buruli ulcer, early lesions measuring less than 10 cm in diameter, aged 5 years or older Drugs for treating Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease) (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.87, 1.03] | 1 study · 151 participants | Low |
Nutritional supplements vs no nutritional supplements Primary cure · people who are being treated for active VL Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Nutritional supplements vs no nutritional supplements Definitive cure · people who are being treated for active VL Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Nutritional supplements vs no nutritional supplements Treatment completion · people who are being treated for active VL Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Nutritional supplements vs no nutritional supplements Self‐reported recovery from illness or resolution of symptoms · people who are being treated for active VL Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Nutritional supplements vs no nutritional supplements Weight gain, increased skinfold thickness, or other measures of lean or total mass, or growth in children · people who are being treated for active VL Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Nutritional supplements vs no nutritional supplements Adverse outcomes · people who are being treated for active VL Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Malaria cases per month · people of all ages Insecticide space spraying for preventing malaria transmission (2018) · Cochrane | rate ratio 1 [0.51, 1.92] | 1 study · 4 participants | Very low |
Ribavirin vs no ribavirin Mortality · people diagnosed with suspected or confirmed Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Ribavirin for treating Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.29, 4.32] | 1 study · 136 participants | Very low |
Ribavirin vs no ribavirin Length of hospital stay (days) · people diagnosed with suspected or confirmed Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Ribavirin for treating Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 136 participants | Very low |
Ribavirin vs no ribavirin Requirement for transfusion (platelets) · people diagnosed with suspected or confirmed Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Ribavirin for treating Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.77, 1.96] | 1 study · 136 participants | Very low |
Early vs late supportive care plus ribavirin Mortality in early versus late supportive care plus ribavirin · people diagnosed with suspected or confirmed Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Ribavirin for treating Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.39 [0.16, 0.95] | 63 participants | Very low |
Oral ivermectin 200 μg/kg (1 to 3 doses) vs topical permethrin 5% cream (1 to 3 applications) Complete clearance ‐ week 1 · people with scabies, 2 to 80 years of ageLocation: India, Pakistan Ivermectin and permethrin for treating scabies (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.54, 0.78] | 6 studies · 613 participants | Low |
Oral ivermectin 200 μg/kg (1 to 2 doses) vs topical permethrin 5% lotion (1 to 5 applications) Complete clearance ‐ week 1 ‐ IVER 1 dose versus PER on 5 consecutive nights · people with scabies, 5 to 60 years of ageLocation: Egypt, Pakistan Ivermectin and permethrin for treating scabies (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.47, 1.03] | 1 study · 107 participants | Low |
Oral ivermectin 200 μg/kg (1 to 2 doses) vs topical permethrin 5% lotion (1 to 5 applications) Complete clearance ‐ week 2 ‐ IVER 1 dose versus PER 1 application · people with scabies, 5 to 60 years of ageLocation: Egypt, Pakistan Ivermectin and permethrin for treating scabies (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.78, 1.29] | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Oral ivermectin 200 μg/kg (1 to 2 doses) vs topical permethrin 5% lotion (1 to 5 applications) Complete clearance ‐ week 2 ‐ IVER 2 doses versus PER on 5 consecutive nights · people with scabies, 5 to 60 years of ageLocation: Egypt, Pakistan Ivermectin and permethrin for treating scabies (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.81, 1.17] | 1 study · 107 participants | Moderate |
Oral ivermectin 200 μg/kg (1 to 2 doses) vs topical permethrin 5% lotion (1 to 5 applications) Number of participants with ≥ 1 AE ‐ week 2 ‐ IVER 2 doses versus PER on 5 consecutive nights · people with scabies, 5 to 60 years of ageLocation: Egypt, Pakistan Ivermectin and permethrin for treating scabies (2018) · Cochrane | RR 5 [0.25, 101.58] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Oral ivermectin 200 μg/kg (1 to 2 doses) vs topical permethrin 5% lotion (1 to 5 applications) Withdrawal due to AE ‐ week 2 ‐ IVER 1 dose versus PER 1 application · people with scabies, 5 to 60 years of ageLocation: Egypt, Pakistan Ivermectin and permethrin for treating scabies (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Moderate |
Oral ivermectin 200 μg/kg (1 to 3 doses) vs topical ivermectin 1% lotion/solution (1 to 3 applications) Complete clearance ‐ week 1 · people with scabies, 5 to 80 years of ageLocation: Egypt, India Ivermectin and permethrin for treating scabies (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.65, 1.08] | 1 study · 62 participants | Low |
Oral ivermectin 200 μg/kg (1 to 3 doses) vs topical ivermectin 1% lotion/solution (1 to 3 applications) Complete clearance ‐ week 2 · people with scabies, 5 to 80 years of ageLocation: Egypt, India Ivermectin and permethrin for treating scabies (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.94, 1.06] | 1 study · 62 participants | Moderate |