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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
915 questions in 93 reviews · Emergency and Critical Care
current versionsNo studies 141 · 15.4%Ungraded 22 · 2.4%Very low 216 · 23.6%Low 272 · 29.7%Moderate 188 · 20.5%High 76 · 8.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Continuous outcomes automated vs non‐automated weaning Weaning time (from randomization to extubation) based on ICU type: medical‐surgical or surgical only · patients with weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non‐automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 457 participants | Low |
Continuous outcomes automated vs non‐automated weaning Time to successful extubation · patients with weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non‐automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 516 participants | Low |
Continuous outcomes automated vs non‐automated weaning Time to first successful spontaneous breathing trial · patients with weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non‐automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 175 participants | Moderate |
Continuous outcomes automated vs non‐automated weaning Total duration of mechanical ventilation · patients with weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non‐automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 521 participants | Low |
Continuous outcomes automated vs non‐automated weaning Intensive care unit length of stay (based on type of control arm): predominantly protocolized control strategy · patients with weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non‐automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 337 participants | Low |
Continuous outcomes automated vs non‐automated weaning Intensive care unit length of stay (based on type of control arm): predominantly non‐protocolized control strategy · patients with weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non‐automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 162 participants | Moderate |
Binary outcomes: automated vs non‐automated weaning Most protracted measure of mortality · patients with weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non‐automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.74, 1.79] | 6 studies · 470 participants | Low |
Binary outcomes: automated vs non‐automated weaning Adverse event: reintubation · patients with weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non‐automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.64, 1.22] | 6 studies · 491 participants | Low |
Daily sedation interruption vs usual care or protocolized sedation strategies that do not include daily sedation interruption Total duration of mechanical ventilation (days) · critically ill adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation Daily sedation interruption versus no daily sedation interruption for critically ill adult patients… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1282 participants | Moderate |
Daily sedation interruption vs usual care or protocolized sedation strategies that do not include daily sedation interruption ICU length of stay (days) · critically ill adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation Daily sedation interruption versus no daily sedation interruption for critically ill adult patients… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1282 participants | Moderate |
Daily sedation interruption vs usual care or protocolized sedation strategies that do not include daily sedation interruption Hospital length of stay (days) · critically ill adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation Daily sedation interruption versus no daily sedation interruption for critically ill adult patients… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1232 participants | Moderate |
Daily sedation interruption vs usual care or protocolized sedation strategies that do not include daily sedation interruption Tracheostomy · critically ill adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation Daily sedation interruption versus no daily sedation interruption for critically ill adult patients… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.57, 0.92] | 6 studies · 1061 participants | Moderate |
Daily sedation interruption vs usual care or protocolized sedation strategies that do not include daily sedation interruption Accidental removal of ETT · critically ill adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation Daily sedation interruption versus no daily sedation interruption for critically ill adult patients… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.55, 2.12] | 6 studies · 1108 participants | Moderate |
Daily sedation interruption vs usual care or protocolized sedation strategies that do not include daily sedation interruption ICU mortality · critically ill adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation Daily sedation interruption versus no daily sedation interruption for critically ill adult patients… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.77, 1.21] | 7 studies · 815 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Total duration of weaning defined as study randomization to successful extubation (hours) · critically ill adults and children requiring weaning from mechanical ventilation Automated versus non‐automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 1246 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Total duration of ventilation defined as intubation or commencement of ventilation in ICU to successful extubation (hours) · critically ill adults and children requiring weaning from mechanical ventilation Automated versus non‐automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 1248 participants | High |
Intervention NR ICU length of stay (days) · critically ill adults and children requiring weaning from mechanical ventilation Automated versus non‐automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 1339 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Hospital length of stay (days) · critically ill adults and children requiring weaning from mechanical ventilation Automated versus non‐automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 749 participants | High |
Intervention NR Mortality (ICU, hospital) (days) · critically ill adults and children requiring weaning from mechanical ventilation Automated versus non‐automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1128 participants | High |
Intervention NR Reintubation rate · critically ill adults and children requiring weaning from mechanical ventilation Automated versus non‐automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically… (2014) · Cochrane | Risk ratio 0.8 [0.61, 1.05] | 13 studies · 1081 participants | High |
CPR plus delayed defibrillation vs immediate defibrillation: overall analysis Survival to hospital discharge rate · patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) plus delayed defibrillation versus immediate defibrillation for… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.54, 2.2] | 3 studies · 658 participants | Low |
CPR plus delayed defibrillation vs immediate defibrillation: overall analysis Neurological outcome at hospital discharge rate of good recovery · patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) plus delayed defibrillation versus immediate defibrillation for… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.65, 1.93] | 3 studies · 2834 participants | Low |
CPR plus delayed defibrillation vs immediate defibrillation: overall analysis ROSC rate · patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) plus delayed defibrillation versus immediate defibrillation for… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.77, 1.15] | 3 studies · 658 participants | Low |
CPR plus delayed defibrillation vs immediate defibrillation: overall analysis Survival at 1 year rate · patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) plus delayed defibrillation versus immediate defibrillation for… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.24, 2.49] | 2 studies · 456 participants | Low |
Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition vs non‐supplemented nutrition Infectious complications · critically ill patients or receiving major surgery Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.71, 0.87] | 33 studies · 2303 participants | Moderate |
Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition vs non‐supplemented nutrition Short‐term mortality (within hospital stay or closest to one month) · critically ill patients or receiving major surgery Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.78, 1.02] | 36 studies · 3454 participants | Low |
Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition vs non‐supplemented nutrition Long‐term mortality (closest to six month) · critically ill patients or receiving major surgery Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.89, 1.12] | 11 studies · 2277 participants | Moderate |
Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition vs non‐supplemented nutrition Length of hospital stay · critically ill patients or receiving major surgery Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 36 studies · 2963 participants | Low |
Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition vs non‐supplemented nutrition Length of ICU stay · critically ill patients or receiving major surgery Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 2284 participants | Moderate |
Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition vs non‐supplemented nutrition Days on mechanical ventilation · critically ill patients or receiving major surgery Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 1297 participants | Moderate |
Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition vs non‐supplemented nutrition Serious adverse events · critically ill patients or receiving major surgery Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.77, 2.57] | 2 studies · 856 participants | Moderate |
Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality, neonates, standard polyclonal IVIG · neonates with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.92, 1.08] | 5 studies · 3667 participants | Moderate |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Anti‐endotoxin E5 versus placebo, all‐ cause mortality · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.88, 1.1] | 4 studies · 1975 participants | Moderate |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Anti‐endotoxin ‐ HA‐1A versus placebo, all‐cause mortality · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.54, 1.2] | 3 studies · 2668 participants | Very low |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Anti‐endotoxins Anti‐LPS versus placebo, all‐cause mortality · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.15 [0.02, 1.06] | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Sensitivity analysis by quality, anti‐endotoxin, all‐cause mortality · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.94, 1.09] | 6 studies · 4443 participants | Moderate |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Anti‐endotoxin, all‐cause mortality ‐ low risk of bias studies · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.42, 1.05] | 1 study · 269 participants | Moderate |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Anti‐endotoxin, all‐cause mortality ‐ unclear risk of bias · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.95, 1.11] | 5 studies · 4174 participants | Moderate |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Anti‐cytokines versus placebo, all‐cause mortality · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.86, 0.97] | 9 studies · 7893 participants | Moderate |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Anticytokine ‐ anti‐TNF‐alpha versus placebo, all‐cause mortality · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.87, 0.99] | 6 studies · 6200 participants | Moderate |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Anti‐cytokines ‐ human interleukin‐1receptor antagonist versus placebo, all‐cause mortality · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.76, 1.01] | 3 studies · 1693 participants | Moderate |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Sensitivity analysis by quality, anti‐cytokine, all‐cause mortality · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.86, 0.97] | 7 studies · 7752 participants | Moderate |
Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality, neonates, IgM‐enriched polyclonal IVIG · neonates with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.31, 1.04] | 3 studies · 164 participants | Low |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Anti‐cytokine, all‐cause mortality ‐ low risk of bias studies · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.86, 0.99] | 3 studies · 5065 participants | High |
Monoclonal antibodies vs placebo Anti‐cytokine, all‐cause mortality ‐ uncertain risk of bias · patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.8, 1] | 4 studies · 2687 participants | Moderate |
Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) vs placebo or no intervention Low risk of bias neonate studies, mortality all‐cause ‐ standard IVIG · neonates with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.93, 1.09] | 3 studies · 3561 participants | High |
Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality, adults, standard polyclonal IVIG · adult patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.7, 0.93] | 10 studies · 1430 participants | Moderate |
Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality, adults, IgM‐enriched polyclonal IVIG · adult patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.51, 0.85] | 7 studies · 528 participants | Moderate |
Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) vs placebo or no intervention Low risk of bias adult studies, by type of polyclonal IVIG, mortality all‐cause · adult patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.81, 1.15] | 5 studies · 945 participants | High |
Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) vs placebo or no intervention Low risk of bias adult studies, mortality all‐cause ‐ standard IVIG · adult patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.84, 1.24] | 3 studies · 683 participants | High |