Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

973 questions · 1,024 findings · 106 reviews

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No studies found 235 · 22.9%GRADE not reported 59 · 5.8%Very low 207 · 20.2%Low 271 · 26.5%Moderate 177 · 17.3%High 75 · 7.3%

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Maternal adverse event: hypercalcaemia · pregnant women and their infants..

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1134 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.34, 1.3]
7 studies · 1640 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Low birthweight · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D supplementation probably leads to lower low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.35, 0.87]
5 studies · 697 participants
Moderate

Vitamin C vs placebo

Major cardiovascular event Physicians · middle‐aged US male physicians

Vitamin C supplementation showed no clear difference in major cardiovascular event Physicians compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.99 [0.89, 1.1]
1 study · 14641 participants
Low

Vitamin C vs placebo

Cardiovascular mortality Physicians · middle‐aged US male physicians

It is very uncertain whether vitamin C supplementation changes cardiovascular mortality Physicians compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.02 [0.85, 1.22]
1 study · 14641 participants
Very low

Vitamin C vs placebo

All‐cause mortality Physicians · middle‐aged US male physicians

It is very uncertain whether vitamin C supplementation changes all‐cause mortality Physicians compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.07 [0.97, 1.18]
1 study · 14641 participants
Very low

Vitamin C vs placebo

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · middle‐aged US male physicians

Vitamin C supplementation showed no clear difference in total myocardial infarction (fatal and non‐fatal) Physicians compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.04 [0.87, 1.24]
1 study · 14641 participants
Low

Vitamin C vs placebo

Stroke · middle‐aged US male physicians

Vitamin C supplementation showed no clear difference in total stroke (fatal and non‐fatal) Physicians compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.89 [0.74, 1.07]
1 study · 14641 participants
Low

Vitamin C vs placebo

Self‐reported CABG/PTCA Participant self‐reports · middle‐aged US male physicians

Vitamin C supplementation showed no clear difference in self‐reported CABG/PTCA Participant self‐reports compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.96 [0.86, 1.07]
1 study · 14641 participants
Low

Vitamin C vs placebo

Self‐reported angina Participant self‐reports · middle‐aged US male physicians

Vitamin C supplementation showed no clear difference in self‐reported angina Participant self‐reports compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.93 [0.84, 1.03]
1 study · 14641 participants
Low

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

Adverse events · people with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Low

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

Pain: presence of pain (slight or moderate) at 1 year · people with sickle cell disease

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month showed no clear difference in presence of pain compared with 12,000 IU/month (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.62, 1.62]
1 study · 62 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

Acute chest syndrome ( · people with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

Respiratory infections · people with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

HRQoL (using a validated scale) · people with sickle cell disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

Total body BMD measured by DEXA (% change from baseline) · people with sickle cell disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy, wrist splint, and vitamin B6 vs placebo, wrist splint, and vitamin B6

Overall improvement in CTS: SSS: short term (< 3 months) Scale from: 1 to 5 · carpal tunnel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐level laser therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Very low

Low‐level laser therapy, wrist splint, and vitamin B6 vs placebo, wrist splint, and vitamin B6

Overall improvement in CTS: SSS: long term ‐ not measured · carpal tunnel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐level laser therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy, wrist splint, and vitamin B6 vs placebo, wrist splint, and vitamin B6

Overall improvement in CTS: FSS: short term (< 3 months) Scale from: 1 to 5 · carpal tunnel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐level laser therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Very low

Low‐level laser therapy, wrist splint, and vitamin B6 vs placebo, wrist splint, and vitamin B6

Overall improvement in CTS: FSS: long term ‐ not reported · carpal tunnel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐level laser therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found